fa the fruit will never thrive afrer; therefore thefcif- 

 fcars which are ufcd for this piirpofe, Hiould have ve- 

 ry narrow points, that they niay be more eafiiy put 

 betv/een the Grapes withtAit injuring the reniaming 

 ones. The other forts of Grapes which I have re- 

 connmenLled for thefe hot walls, do not produce their 

 fruit fo clofe together on the bundles, fo they will 

 not require this operation, unlel's by any accident they 

 (hould receive a blight, which often occafions a great 

 inequality in the fizeof the Grapes; which, whenever 

 it thus happens, will require to be remedied by cut- 

 ting off the fmall Grapes, that die bunches may ripen 



equally, and appear more fighrly. 

 By the middle of June thefe Grapes will be almofl: 

 full grown, therefore the glafies may be kept off con- 

 tinually in the day time, unlefs the feafon lliould 

 prove very cold and wet, in which cafe they muft be 

 kept on, and only opened when the weather is fa- 

 vourable ; for as the racy vinous flavour of thefe fruits 

 is increafed by a free air, fo during the time of their 

 ripening, they fhould have as large a Ihare as the fea- 

 fon will admit to be given them. 

 Before the Grapes begin to ripen, they muft be care- 

 fully guarded againft birds, wafps, and other infefts, 

 otherwife they will be deftroyed in a fliort time : to 

 prevent which, the Vines fhould be carefully covered 

 with nets, foas to exclude the birds, who make great 

 havock with the Grapes, by breaking their fkins ; and 

 if there are a few twigs covered with birdlime placed 

 here and there on the outfide of the nets, it will be of 

 fervice, becaufe the birds are often fo bold as to at- 

 tempt to break the nets to get to the Grapes ; which, 

 if they attempt, they may be fo entangled on thele 

 twigs, as not to get loofe; and whenever that happens, 

 they Ihould not be difengaged, but fuffered to remain 

 to keep off their companions ■, and if they get off 

 themfelves, it will have the defired effeft, for there 

 will few other birds come fo the faine place thatfe-a- 

 fon, as I have mote than once expenenced*.--.." "•'"' 

 As to the wsrfps, the belt method is" t6 ftarfg tip forhe 

 phials about half 6Hed with ftrganftl '^ati^r, and rub 

 the neeks of the phials with a little honey, which will 

 cjraw all the wafps and flics to them, which, by at- 

 tempting to get. at the Jiquor, will fall into the phials 

 and be drowned ; thele phi^s Jhould be carefuHy 

 looked over once in three or foVr/daysTo take out 

 the wafps and deftroy them, and to replenifh the 

 phials with liquor. If this be duly obferved, and the 

 phials placed in time, before the Grapes are attacked, 

 it will effedtually prevent their being injured ; but 

 where thefe precautions are not taken, the Grapes 

 will be in danger of being abfolutely defl:royed ; for 

 as thefe early Grapes will ripen long before any others 

 againft common walls, they will be in much more 

 danger, there being no other fruit for them at that 

 feafon in the neighbourhood ; whereas, when Grapes 

 in general begin to ripen, there is a quantity in al- 

 moil every garden •, fo that if they deftroy a part in 

 each garden, yet there will be a greater chance to have 

 fome efcape, than where there is only one wall fbr 

 them to attack. 



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Thefe forts of Grapes being forced in the manner be- 

 fore direfted, will begin to ripen early in Auguft, ef- 

 pecially the Black arid Red Frontihacs, which will be 

 fit for the table a fortnight "earlier than the otfier 

 forts; but as the defi'gn of forcing tliem is to Have 

 them in as great perfeaion as poffible in this climatt, 

 they Ihould not be gathered until they are thorough 

 tipe, for which reafon fome of the later forts fliouid 

 be left on the Vines till Septerriber*; but then the 

 glaffes fliould be kept over them in wet and cold wea- 

 ther to prote6l the fruit from it, but whenever the 

 weather is fair, the glaflrs muft' be opened to let in 

 the free air, otherwife the damps, arifing from the 

 earth at that feafon, will caufe amouldinefs upon the 

 Grapes, which will rot them ; fo that if the feafon 

 fhould prove very cold and wet while the fruit ai*e 

 upon the Vines^, it will be proper to make a fmall 

 fire every tight to dry off the damps, and prevent 



this injury. Moft people in England gather their 



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Grapes too foon, never fuffering them to remain on 

 the Vines to ripen perfcclly, even in the wanneft fea- 

 fons, when, if they are left on till after Michaelmas, 

 they will be good. 



Of late years many perfons have planted Grapes 

 againft efpaliers, which in fome places have fucceed- 

 ed very well in good feafons ; but if they ate not 

 planted in a good foil and to a proper af])e6t, and the 

 forts rightly chofen, they fcldom produce any fruit 

 which are fit to be eaten. The foil proper to plant 

 Vines in efpaliers, fliould be the fame as is hereafter 

 direfted for vineyards, viz. either a chalky or gra- 

 velly bottorh, with about a foot and a half or two 

 feet of light hazel earth on the top, a little flopino- to 

 the fouth or fouth eaft, that the wet may eafily find a 

 paffage, fo as not to remain on the ground. In fuch 

 a foil fituated to the fun, and fcrecned from cold winds, 

 there are feveral forts of Grapes, which in warm fea- 

 fons will ripen very well in England. 

 But there are fome curious perfons who line the back 

 fide of their efpaliers with low Reed hedges, and 

 others who do it with thin flit deals ; both of which 

 are a good defence to the Vines againft blights in the 

 fpring, and accelerate the ripening of the Grapes, fo 

 that in tolerable feafons they will come to good ma- 

 turity. Neither of thefe methods are vdry expenfiye, 

 for thefe clofe fences need not be more than four feet 

 high, becaufe the Vines being to be managed after 

 the fame manner as thofe in vineyards, the braWhes 

 which carry the fruit will never rife above that height ; 

 for the bearing ftioots muft always be trained about 

 two feet above the furface of the ground, fo that the 

 fruit will be always below the top of the clofe fences ; 

 and as for the upright fhoots, which are defigned for 

 the next year's bearing, it matters not how much they 

 rife above the fence ; fo thefe may have a loofe trel- 

 lis, to 'which they may be f*:ftened, to prevent their 

 overhanging the fruit. ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' 

 In the making 6f thefe kinds of Clofe efpaliei's for 

 Grapes, it will be pfopef to lay one ftrong oiken 

 plank (fuch as' are procured in breaking tip old fliips 

 or. barges,) next the furface of fhe ground, which 

 "will laft m^HJ yfea:rs founds and be very ufeful in fu'p- 

 pbrting the fences." If thefe planks are fifteen inches 

 broad, as they may always be readily procured, and 

 the upper part of the fence be Reeds, there may be 

 two lengths cut out of them (provided the Reeds a.re 

 of a due length,) without including their tops. In 

 the front of thefe hedges fhould be a flight trellis to 

 faften the Vines to, which may be made of Afli pole5. 

 The upright poles of thefe trellifl*es need not be nearer 

 together thdri eighteen inches j and if there are three 

 crofs poles, at about a foot afunder, they will be fuf- 

 ficient to faften the be^afirtg flioots of the Vines at 

 proper diftances itt the mannef they a^re defigned to 

 be trained, which fhould be in fuch pOfitions, that 

 the fruit may not be Overfliadowed by the branches ; 

 atid if the upright poles are Cut fo long, as to be a foot 

 and a half above the Reeds, they will be tall enough 

 to fupportthe upright flioots fofthe next year's bearing, 

 which being trained' ftngly at pfoper diftances, will 

 have the advantage of the fun and air to ripen the 

 wood^, much Better than where four or ifive fhoots are 

 fattened to the fame pole. 



To this trellis the Reeds may be fattened with. hoops 

 on the back fide, after the manner ufually praftifcd 

 In making contimon Reed fences ; and if on the top 

 of the Reeds there is faftened a thin flip of deal, to 

 fecure their tops from' being broken, it will' preferve 

 them a long time. In making of thefe fences, the 

 Reeds fhould not be laid too thick, for that will not 

 only be niore expence, but will be troublefome to 

 fiiften, and not laft fo long as when they are ma^de of 

 a moderate thicknefs : therefore as the Reeds will be 

 cut into two lengths, each bundle will fpre^d about 

 fix feet in length, obfervingjirft to fpread the bot- 

 tom parts of the bundles, which contain the largeft 

 ends of the Reeds the whole length j and then the 

 upper parts of the other Reeds fhould be reveffed, and 

 fjire^d in frdrttof them", which will make the upper 



. part 



