, I 



I 



— 



cheons, or the quarter puncheons, to a pail fuH, or 

 thereabouts, according to the largenefs of the cafk 

 wherein it is put-, to make it boil, they fill them up to 

 the hole of the bung with the wine which comes from 

 the two firft preffings, and tliat which remained in the 

 pipe before they gave the two firit fqueezings, and 

 that which the others yield, ferve to put into the wine, 

 when the firft boiling begins to be diminifhed. . . . 

 One ought always to give the marc, whether it be 

 white or red, four preffings, without taking in the 

 lovv'cring of the beam, tKat is to fay, that it ought to 



be cut tour times. ..,._... 



Some give it to the third working with an iron grapple 

 in the middle of the marc, and they leave all round 

 about half a foot in breadth, to keep in that which is 

 wrought, and at the fourth preffing they cut the bor- 

 der that they left, and put it back upon the other. 



V I T 



J ■ 



Were formerly very common, as may be gatr.ercd frorrt 

 the feveral places in divers parts of England, which 

 yet retain that name, which teftify the quantities of 

 ground v.'hich were allotted for 

 and monafteries, for wine ^'^- 



. . . -. 



tants 



They pretend that a marc fo ordered yields the more 

 wine. As the marc of white wine is the more thick, 

 and haslefs fire than tlie Auvf rnat, it'3oes not ^*ry fo 

 foon i for this reafon there oucrjit. to be longer times 

 between thele iqueezinp-s. . . " ; - .. 



They give theiii thefe commonly in the night-time, be- 

 caufe they do not lower the beam ; but when the 

 day's work is finifhed, when the men who are to work 

 the marc have fupped. ,.,■'■!. 



vineyards, to aubeys 

 ior the ,ufe of the 

 but as to the quality of the v/ines which were 

 . then produced in England, v;e are at prefcnt ignorant; 

 and how thefe vineyards were rooted up, and became 

 fo generally neglefted, we have no very good accounts 

 left. Whatever misht be the caulc of'this total ne- 

 gledt in cultivating Vines m England, I v.'ill not pre- 

 tend to determine, but fuch v.^as the prejudice moil 

 people conceived to any attempts of produc'ng wine 

 in England, that for fome ages paft^ every trial of 

 that kind has been ridiculed by tlie generality of peo- 

 ple, and at this day very few perfons will believe it 

 poffible to be effcfted. ,, '.' \ ' '. "" ' \ ' \ 



When the white wine is cold, itmufE be filled up and 

 bunged, and kept always full, at lead if it be not in 

 the depth of winter, for when this kind of wine is 

 em*ptied, it becomes yellow in moft countries ; but 

 when this happens, it is eafy remedied, eidier by fiir- 

 nnz it widi a ftickof Hazel cleft Into four, 'which is 

 put in at the bung hole, or hi Ihaking brifldy the pun- 

 cheon, which ihey leave fometimes oh the bung, to 

 the end that the lee that defcends ihither, and after- 

 wards. is mixed asain when the cafk is turned up, may 

 take away the ypllowncis. ., 



> *' ■ 1 



• - » 



The fecond mcihod feems to be the beft, for befides 

 that the wine does not take wind, i: is alfo done in a 

 great deal lefs time, for one is not obliged to unbung 

 and bung again every calk, for they may be filled up 

 with a fnail tin funnel. 



For fome years paft they have made rapes of white 

 wines, from which they do not reap any great advan- 

 taji^e J t^ey make ufe of them to mix with thecoarfe. 



harft,^rcd wines, ""tTTat have but little ^6f the quality. 

 In the mean time, this fits the meaner fort of people, 

 who have not a very nice tafte, in chat it pleafes their 

 palates, and is fold cheap. \..,-..j^-^i^-^itt.-^^- c.. 

 It vyiil not be to any purpofe to name the places of 

 this plot of vineyards, which pi;6duce't7ie beft white 

 whines, for the merchants do not take the pains to 

 make a diftindlion betv/een the wines which have much 

 of the quality/ from 'otliei^s'*"tKat have lefs ; befides, 

 they are many times, deceived, for fome citizens w^ho 

 have a great many houles of wines in different places, 

 the vintage is"bver7Tend that'wirie they have 

 made in one leffcr vintage to l;e add.ed^to that of ano- 

 ther that is much better, and fo a merchant thinks 

 that all the wine ne buys is from tne fame place, when 

 It is not. „, 



, Indeed if we judge only by the fuccefs of fome mo- 

 dern elTays made near London, wjiere fmall vineyards 

 have been planted a few years paft, there "would be 

 . no great encouragement to begin a y/crk of this kind, 

 bccaufe the produce of very few of thefe vineyards 

 has not been fo kindly as'were to be wiGied -, but how- 

 . ever, this Ihould not deter others from making far- 

 ;", ther trials, efpecially wnen they confider the many 

 { \^ difadvantages, Vv'hich moft or all of thofe plancadons, 

 ,. which have been made, were attended wuth; for firft, 

 there is fcarce one of them placed u; on a proper foil 

 \[ and fituation for this purpofe j and fecondly, there is 

 ' not one which is rightly planted ancf managed, as I 

 . -fhall prefently {hew ^ and how can we expefl: fuccefs 

 ..from vineyards under thefe difadvantages, when even 

 .. in France or Italy they would fucceei little better, if 

 .. their management were not direaed with m0re judg- 

 ment? I ftiall therefore humbly ofFer^my^ opinion, 

 ^ w}iichls founded upon "fome trials I have ken made, 

 "■' anH from tlie inftrudio'ns'th'att have"^ received from 

 . feveral curious perfons. abroad, who cultivate vine- 

 yards for their own ufe, and that of their friend's, and 

 who have been very exaft in obferving the feveral 

 ■ methods of praftice amongft the vignerons of thofe 

 .' countries, from whence it is hoped that the prejudice 

 which moft people have againft a projeftcf this kind, 

 will either be removed, or at leaft fufpended, until 

 trials have been judicioully made of this aftair. 

 The firft and great things to be conudered in plant- 

 _Jng vineyards is the choice of foils and fituations, 

 '''-'' wTiicHj'ir not rightly cKofeh,' tli'ere will be little hopes 

 ;" of fuccefs, for upon this the whole affair greatly de- 

 ]... pends. The beft foil for a vineyard in England Is fuch. 



after 





1 do not approve of this praftice of jhe citizens, for 

 a merchant, who would have "wTrie^bT 'one 'certain 

 place, will not be prepared to,manage that which,he 

 Jhall have from another, becaufe thofe different wines 

 will not'pro'duce ttieYame'effeas; "witFthe hiahage- 

 meht he (liall ufe to diem, and no oerfon ought to be 



l'*>i 



/- ■ i ■% J. i - ^ *.-! k —J '-J 



-^ -^ 



deceived- - " . ■..„,m' - ?< ' '?. ■'>-,>'■ 



When the vintage," either "^of red 'of white wines, is 



finifnedi the prefs ought to be taken care of, that the 

 ratsdp not gnaw the (crew of it. It ftipuld be rubbed 

 with Garlick, the fmell of which thofe' animals cannot 

 endure v'it is aUo good to cover it with fome old cafl<:s, 

 to hinder any filth from fallino; on the fcrew,' which 

 cannot be kept too clean. , 



I - 



t I 



■ ^ 



-t ■* 



VV, • *-tt 



;.whofc fu.rfaceTs'4 light fandy jqam, .^and not above a 

 j' foot and a half "or two feet'deep, above the gravdor 

 I'.' chalk, 'eitlier of which bottoms are equally go'od for 

 J.. Vines v'but if the fojl is.d^eep, or. the bottom, either 

 "-'" clay, or a'ftroiig loam," it" is by no means' proper for 



.this purpofe; for althougli the Vines may fifoot Vigo- 

 V/roufly, ahdj)roduce a great quantity of Grapes, yet 



; thefe wiir Be later" ripe, fuller 'of moifture, and fo 

 '^..^<x)nfequently their juice not mature, nor well digefted, 

 '?*JBut will. a.b9und with crudity, which in fermenting 

 riWilfrenderthe wine four Vhd ill tafted,~which is the 

 common coniplaint of thofe. who have made wine in 



England, ^ 



- ^ 



'*^* w -r i r 



- * * 



f - 



There have of late years Been but very few vineyards 

 in Eno-land, tho' it appears by ancient records that they 



^ Nor is a very rich,' IVgTit^'deep foil, fuch as" is com- 



""monly found' near London, proper for^jchis^piirpofe ; 



^^.' becaufe the roots of thefe Vines will be enticed dov/n 



too deep to receive the influences or lun and air,' and 



r Hereby will takein much crude nouri(hjpent, >vhere- 



/. by the fruit will be rendered' lefs "Valuable," and be 



'"'^^later ripe, which is of ill confequencci to thefe fruits, 



'which are known to imbibe a great fiiare of their nou- 



Vrifhment from the air, which, if replete with moif- 



'* 'ture (as is commonly the'cafe in'autumn,) muft ne- 



". ceftarily contribute greatly ,t9 render the juices lefs 



perfeft, therefore great attention fliould be had to the 



.. nature of the foil upon which they are planted. ' 



■'.The next' thing ncceflary to be conlidered, is the fi- 



\ tuation of the place, which, if poffible, fliould be on 



'the north fide of a river, u'pon an elevation Wclining 



"to'tlie fouth,' with a fmall gradual defccnt, that the 



14 K *""*' ■ moifture 



_ ^**ik^ ' 



f ' 



i 



