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-iiothing being more cdmmort than for the vignerons to 

 plant three or four forts of Grapes in the fame vine- 

 yard, and at the time of vintage to mix them all to- 

 gether j which renders their wines lefs delicate, than 

 in fuch places where they have only this one fort of 

 Grape. And here I would caution every one againft 

 mixing the juice of feveral Grapes together, which 

 will caufe the wine to ferment at different times, and 

 in different manners. . 



The cuttings being thus provided (fori would always 

 J)refer thefe to layers, or rooted plants, for the reafons 

 given at the beginning of the article Vitis) about 

 the beginning of April is the beft feafon for planting, 

 when it will be proper to put the lower ends of the 

 cuttings in water about three inches, fetting them up- 

 right for fix or eight hours before they are ufed ; then 

 at the center of every crofs mark already made by a 

 line, to the diftance the Vines are defigned, fhould be 

 a hole made with a fpade, or other inltrument, about 

 a foot deep, into each of which (hould be put one 

 ftrong cutting, placing it a little floping; then the 

 hole (hould be filled up with earth, prefling it gently 

 with the feet to the cutting, and raifing a little hill to 

 each about three. inches, fo asjuft to cover the up- 

 permoft eye or bud, which will prevent the wind and 

 fun from drying any part of the cuttings, and this 

 upper eye only will fhoot ; the under ones moft of 

 them will pufh Out roots, fo that this fhoot will be 

 very ftrong and vigorous. 



After *thcy are thus planted, they will require no 

 other care until they fhoot, except to keep the ground 

 clear from weeds, which fhould be conftaritly ob- 

 ferved; but as the diftance between the rows of Vines 

 is very great, fo the ground between tnem may be 

 fown or planted with any kind of efculent plants, 

 which do not grow tall, provided there is proper dif- 

 tance left from the Vines,' and care taken that the 

 Vines are not injured by the crop's, or in the gather- 

 ing, and carrying them off the ground \ and this 

 hufbandry may be continued three or four years, till 

 the Vines come to bearing ; after which time, there 

 Ihould be no fort of crop put between them in fum- 

 mer, becaufe the cleaner the ground is kept between 

 the Vines fjrom weeds qr plants, the more heat will 

 be reftefled to the Grapes > but after the Grapes are 

 gathered, ttiere miy be a crop of Coleworts for fpring 

 ufe planted between the rows of Vines, and the cul- 

 tivating of thefe will be of ufe to the Vines, by flir- 

 ring of the ground; but as to wateringj br afiy pther 

 trouble, there will be no occafion for it, notwith- 

 ftanding what fome people have direfted, for in Eng- 

 land there isnodanger of their mifcarrying by drought. 

 When the cuttings begin to fhoot, there fhould be a 

 fmall flick of about*^ three feet longftuck down by 

 each, to which the fhoot fhould be faflened, to pre- 

 vent their breaking or lying on the ground ; fo that 

 as the'fhoots advance, the fattening fhould be renew- 

 ed, and all fmall lateral fhoots (if there are^anyfych 

 produced) fhould be conflantly difplaced, and the 

 o-round between the Vines always kept clean. This 

 Is the whole management which is required the firft 



fummer. - 



But at Michaelmas, when the Vines have donefhoot- 



ing, they fliould be pruned ; for if they are left un- 

 pruned till fpring, their flioots being tender (efpecially 

 toward their upper parts) will be m danger of fuffer- 

 5ng if the winter fliould prove feyere. '., . ' 

 This pruning is only to cut down the'fhoots to two 

 eyes ; and if, after this is done, the earth be drawn up 

 in a hill about each plant, it will flill fee a greater de- 

 fence" againft frofl. 



At the beginning of March the ground between the 

 Vines fliould be well dug to loofen it, and render it 

 clean ; but yoii fhould be careful not to dig deep clofe 

 to the Vines, left thereby their roots fhould be cut or 

 bruifed, and at the fame time the earth fhould be 

 again laid up in a hill about each plant j but there 

 muft be care taken, not to bury the two young eyes of 

 the former year's fhoot which were left to produce 



new wood. - ' 





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At the beginning of May, when the Vines are ftioot* 

 ing, there fhould be two flakes fixed down to the fide 

 of each plant, which muft be fomewhat taller and 

 ftronger than tliofe of the former year -, to thefe the 

 two fhoots (if fo many are produced) fliould be faften- 

 ed, and all the fmall trailing or lateral flioots fhould 



. be conftantly difplaced, that the other fhoots may be 

 fl^ronger, and the ground fhould alfo be kept very 

 clear from weeds as before. 



The autumn following thefe Vines fhould be pruned 

 again in the following manner; thofe of them which 

 have produced two ftrong fhoots of equal vigour, 

 muft be cut down to three eyes each •, but in fuch 

 as have one ftrong fhoot and a weak one, the ftrong 

 one muft be fhortened to three eyes, and the weak 

 one to two i^and fuch Vines as have produced but one 

 ftrong fhoot, fhould be fhortened down to two eyes 

 alfo, in order to obtain more wood againft the fuc- 

 ceeding year. . 



In the fpring, about the beginning of March, the 

 ground between the Vines fhould again be dug, as 

 before, and two ftakes fhould be placed down by the 



- fide of all fuch Vines as have two fhoots, at fuch 

 diftance on each fide of the plant as the flioots will 

 admit to be fattened thereto, and the fhoots fhould be 

 drawn out on each fide to the ftakes, fo as to make 

 an angle of about forty-five degrees with the ftem ; 

 but by no means fhould they be bent down horizon^ 

 tally, as is by fome praftifed, for the branches lying 



; too near the elrth, are generally injured by the damps 

 which arife from thence, but efpecially when they 

 have fruit, which is never fo well tafted, nor fo early 

 ripe upon thofc branches, as when they are a little 

 more elevated* ^ ,...,..-<. 



In May, when the Vines begin to fhoot, they muft 



■ be carefully looked over, and all the weak dangling 

 ^ fhoots fhould be rubbed off as they are produced, and 



thofe fhoots which are produced from ftrong eyes, 

 fhould be faftened to the ftakes to prevent their being 

 broken off by the wind. 



This management fhould be repeated at leaft every 

 three weeks, from the beginning of May to the end 

 of July ; by which means the fhoots which are train* 

 ed up for the fucceeding year will not only be ftrong- 

 er, but alfo better ripened and prepared for bearing, 

 becaufe they will have the advantage of fun and air, 

 which is abfolutely neceffary to prepare their juices j 

 '^ whereas if they are crouded by a htitnber'of fmall dang- 

 . - ling weak branches, they will fhade and exclude the 

 rfays of the ?un irom the other fhoots^ and fo by de- 

 taining the moifture a longer time amongft the 

 . branches, occafion the veffels of the young wood to 

 be of .a larger dimenfion ; and hereby the crude juice 

 ^ finds an eafy paffage through them ; . fo that the 

 fhoots in autumn feem to fee moftly pith, and are of 

 a greenifh immature nature, arid wherever this is ob- 



■ . ferved, it is a fure fign of a bad quality in the Vines* 



The foil alfo fhould be conftantly Kept clean, becaufe 

 '" if there are any vegetables (either weeds 6f plants of 

 other kinds) growing between the Vines, it will de- 

 tain the dews longer, and by their perfpiration, oc- 

 cafion a greater moifture than would be, if the 

 ground were entirely clear -, fo that thofe who plane 

 other things between their rows of Vines, are guilty 



of a great error. : ' 



In autumn the Vines fhould be pruned, which feafon 

 1 approve of rather than the fpring (for reafons before 

 given -,) and this being the third year from planting, 

 the Vines will now be ftrong enough to produce fruit, 

 therefore they muft be pruned accordingly. Now 

 fuppofe the two fhoots of the former year, v;hich 

 were fhortened to three eyes, have each of them pro-- 

 duted two ftrong branches the fummer paft, then the 



uppermoftof thefe fhoots upon each branch fhould 

 be fhortened down to three good eyes (never includ- 

 ing the lower eye, which is fituate juft above the 

 former year's wood, which feldom produces any thing, 

 except a weak dangling fhoot \) and the lower fhoots 

 fhould be fhortened down to two good eyes each. 



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thefe being defigned to produce vigorous fhoots for 



the 



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