f 



4' 



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the ftrongeft have four eyes^ and the two weaker are 

 Ihortencd down to two eyes each, which is very dif- 

 ferent from the common praftice in England, v/here 

 it is ufual to fee fix or eight branches left upon 

 each root, and thofe perhaps left with fix or eight 

 eyes to each j fo that if thefe are fruitful, one root 

 muft produce near four times the number of bunches 

 which the Italians do ever permit, andfoconfequently 

 the fruit will not be fo well nourifhed, and the roots 

 will alfo be greatly weakened, as is the cafe of all 

 forts of fruit-trees, when a greater number of fruit is 

 left on than the trees can nourifli. , . 

 The next thing is, conftantly to keep the ground per- 

 fectly clean between the Vinesj never permitting any 

 fort of plants or weeds to grow there. The ground 

 Ihould alfo be carefully dug every fpring, and every 

 third year have fome nianure, which fhould be of dif- 

 ferent forts, according to the nature of the ground, 

 or which can be moft conveniently procured. ..,,.v. 

 If the land is ftifF, and inclinable to bind on the fur- 

 face, then fea-fand, or fea-coal'alhes, "are either of 

 them very good manure for it ; 'but if the ground be 

 loofe and dry, Aen a little lime mixed with dung is 

 the belft' rna'nure'for Tt. This rriufl; be fpread thin up- 

 on the furface of the ground before it is dug, and in 

 digging fhould be buried equally in every part of the 

 vineyard. Thefe are much preferable to that of all 

 dung for Vines, fo that it will be worth the expence 

 to procure either of them ; and as they require nia- 

 riufirig out every third year, where the vineyard is 

 large, it may be divided into three equal parts, each 

 of which may be manured in its turn, whereby the 

 expence will be but little every year;, whereas when 

 the whole is manured tpgether, it will add to the ex- 

 pence i and in many places there cannot be a fuiScient 

 quantity procured, to manure a large' vineyard intone 



year. .^:;^5 .^ 



,„This digging Tnd 'manuring fhould always be per- 

 fornied a"bout the beginning of March,^ at which time 

 all the fuperficial or day -roots, as they are called, 

 iriuft be cut off, but the larger roots mufv not be in- 

 jured by thefpadeV &c. therefore the ground clofe to 

 the ftem of the Vines muft not be dug very deep. 

 "After this is done, the ftakes fliould be placed down, 

 one on each fide the Vines, at about fixteen inches 

 from their fl:ems, to which the longeft bearing branches 

 ihould be fafteneS, arid one ftake on each fide clofe 

 to the ftem, to which the two ftiorter branches ftiould 





- ^« "- - 



be trauie'd upright, to furnifh wood for the fucceeding 



In the fummer they muft be carefully looked over:^ as 

 before, rubbing off" all weak dangling fhoot'^,' and 

 training the good ones to the ftakes regularly, as they 

 are produced ; and thofe of them which have fruit 

 fhould be flopped in June, about three joints beyond 

 the bunches, but the upright,lhoots, which are defign- 

 cd for bearing the following year, muff not be flop- 

 ped till the middle of July, when they' may be left 

 about five feet long i/or if they are flopped fooner in 

 the year, it will caufe them to fifloot out many dang- 

 ling branches from the fides of "the eyes, which will 

 not only occafion rnore trouble to difplace them, but 

 alfo will be injurious to the eyes or buds. , ,, '. ^ 

 N. B. Jll tbisjummer dr effing jhould he performed %vUh 

 the thumb and finger^ and not with knives^ becaufe the 

 wounds made by injtruments in fummer do not heal fo focn 

 as when flopped by gently nipping 'the leading bud, wbichy 

 if done before the^fhoojis^ become woody ^^ may be ^ e^ecled 

 with great eafe^ being very tender while" young! . :.. . ., 

 When a vineyard is thus carefully dreffed, it will af- 

 ford as much pleafure in viewing it as any plantation 

 of trees and flirubs whatever, the rows being regu- 

 lar • and if the ftakes are exaftly placed, and the up- 

 right (hoots ftopped to an equal ^height, there is no- 

 thing in nature which will make a more beautiful ap- 

 pearanceV and during the fealbn that the Vines are in 

 flower, they emit a moft grateful fcent, efpecially in 

 the morning and evening •, and when the Grapes be- 

 gin to ripen, there will be a frefh pleafure arifing in 



viewinp:of them/ 



\ , 



V I 



- 



But as the beauty of vineyards arifes from the regulaf 

 difporuion of the branches of the Vines, ereat care 



_ , great 



Ihould be taken in their management, to train them 

 regularly, and to provide every year for new wood 

 to bear the fucceeding year j becaufe the wood 

 which has produced fruit is commonly cut quite away 

 after the fruit is gathered, or at Icaft is fhortcned down 

 to two eyes, to force out fnoots for the next year; 

 where there is not a fufficient number of branches up- 

 on the Vine of thofe trained upright, fo that in fum- 

 mer, when the Vines are in perfection, there, fiiould 

 be fix upright {hoots trained for the next year's wood, 

 and three or four bearing branches with fruit on 

 them ; more than thefe ought never to be left upon 

 one Vine, for the reafons before siven. .^ 

 N. B. ne /iuvernat^ or inie_ Burgundy Grape ^ is valued 

 in France before any other fort^ becaufe the fruit never 

 grows very clcfe upon the bunches^ therefore are more 

 equally ripened^ for which rcafon it fJmdd alfo be prefer- 

 red in England \ though in general^ thefe forts are mofi 

 efleemedwith us that have always clofe bunches -^ which is 

 certainly wrong ; for it may be cbferved^ that the Grapes 

 on fuch bunches are commonly ripe on one fide^ and green 

 on the other y which is a bad quality for fuch as arepreffcd 

 to make 



wine. 



I ftiall now fubjoin a few forts of Vines, which are 

 preferved in fome curious gardens, more for the fake 

 of variety, than the value of their fruit 



thefe 



are, 



I. 



ViTis {Indica) foliis cordatis dcntatis fubtus villofis, 

 cirrhis racemiferis. Flor. Zeyl. 99. Vine with heart- 

 floaped indented leaves^ which are hairy on their under 

 fide^ and branching tendrils, Vitis fylveftris Indica» 

 acinis rotiindis. Raii Dend. 67. Wild Indian Vine^ with 

 . round berries, .. • ^-',;' ■■/ ' .; ;, . 

 2. Vitis (fLabrufcd) foliis cordatis fubtrilobis dentatis, * 

 fubtus tomentofis. LinrSp,* Plant. 20^,- Fine with 

 heart-Jhaped^ indented leaves, which are almoji three-lobed^ 

 and woolly on their under fide. Vitis fylveftris Virgin!- 

 ana. C. B. P. 299. J^ild Virginia Grape. 



3. Vitis {Vulpina) foliis cordatis dentato-ferratis utrin- 

 que nudis. Lin. Sp. 203. Vine with heart- fiaped^ faw- 

 edy indented leaves, which are fmooth on both fides, Vitis 



. vulpina dicla Virginiana nigra. Pluk. Aim. 392. n^ 

 Virginia Fox Grape. 



4. Vitis {Laciniatis) foliis quinatis, foliolis multifidis; 

 Hort. Cliff. 74. Vine with leaves having five Icbes^ and 

 cut into many points. Vitis laciniatis foliis. Corn* 

 Canad. 182. Vine with ja?z^d leaves, comniGnh called 



, the Parfley-leaved Grape. . .^f^^i^.-f /i^:- • . -, 



5. Vitis (^r^^r^^) -foliis fupradecornpofitis, foliolis la- 

 ...teralibus pinnatis. Lin, Sp. Plant. 207. Vine with 



more Ihah decompounded leaves, and lateral twinged lobes* 

 Frutex fcandens petrofelini foliis, Virginiana, clavicu- 

 lis doriatus. Pluk. Mant. S5.' Cli?nbing Virginia Shrub 

 .with Parflt^' leaves, fending out tendrils. Reynai-dfo- 

 nia. Rand. Jnd. Hort. Chelf. Feljly called the Pepper- 

 tree. , . * . . . ^- 



. The firfl fort grows naturally in both Indies". The 

 .flalks of this are woody, and fend out many flender 

 branches, 'which ai*e rurnifhed with branching tendrils, 

 by jiyhich they fallen themfdves to the neighbouring ' 

 trees, and are thereby fupported. The leaves are 

 heart-fiiaped, indented on their edges, and hairy on 

 their under fide. The flowers are difpofed in bunches 

 like thofe of the other fpecies, and are fucceeded by 

 round berries or Grapes, of an auftere tafte. . 

 The fecond fort hathligncous ftalkswhich fend out ma- 

 ny branches, that faftch themfelvcs by tendrils to any 

 neighbouring' fuppoft.' The leaves pf this are large, 

 and for the moft part divided into three lobes which 





I 



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t - 



r JV^ ; 



> 



X" 



are indented on their edges. The under fide of the 

 leaves is covered with a white down. The fruit is dif- 

 pofed in bunches like the other Grapes. . The berries 

 are round and black •, the juice has a rough flavour. 

 The' third fort has heart-fhaped leaves which are in- 

 dented on their edges, and are fmooth on both fides. 

 The plants climb on trees by the help of their tendrils, 

 like thofe of the other forts. The fruit is difpofed in 

 bunches. The berries are black, and their juice 

 has a flavour refembling the fcent of a fox, from 



■ 14 L . whence 



/ * 



