^ 



ivi 



as there is another genus cf plants under th 



e tit] 



ofGenifta, Dr. Linn^us has'anniied th-7r"rle ^111"'" I ?' ''■' the nm i;Uo five pohts, amirokured -jjithtn; il 

 which is a name ulcd by Sn^to ht eenus "' ' /f .T^/'f ' ^"'/""^"'^ -^•/■>^--/ /..«>. t^Ue the 



■ T^u,. „„ T^_ ^y -ii'n),_ro tftiigenus. , ■ loigth of the empdement, terminated ly O^^rt mn f:m- 



tmcshavivg four furrows, and an orbicular ereSl ■rcrmen 

 fuppcrttng t-j;o ftyks ivhicb are reflexed, and crowned by 

 bairy fltpnas. rh: g ermm afterward turn to a rcur.difL 

 comprcpd, bordered cupfide, including one rottndfjJj com- 

 — '11- d feed. - ■ 



own 



_ . „,^^ ^j, iiniy, lu cms genus. i 



The common Furze, Gorze, or Whins, as it is called' 

 in the different counties in England^ is fo well kn 

 f^as to need no defcription. '■ , •• . , 



There are two or three varieties of this,"which' are fre- 

 quently met with on the commons and heaths m moil 

 parts of England ; but as they are not fpccifically dif- 

 ferent, they are not worthy to be enumerated here 

 efpecially as they are plants which are feldom culti- 

 vated. 



i. 



."»■,.' <t 



But thefe have by many botanifts been rhentioned as 

 fpecifically different, for which reafon I fowed their 

 feeds in the garden, and found all the varieties arife 

 from the fame feeds. 



i 





'./■.:-[ 



. Thefe plants propagate themfelves very plentifully 



by feeds, fo that when they are eflabliihed in a fpot 

 : of ground, they foon ipread over the^place ; for as the 

 ■ feeds ripen, the pods open with the warmth of the {uh, 

 : and the feeds are caft out wich'an elafticity toa sreat 



diftance all round, and ^^^^ foon vegetate ; whereby 

 • . .the groundJsJlled:^/jth young plants, which are not 



cafily deflroyed, when .they are well rooted in the 



gfound.-.j^'.l • ■ 



--;},.. 



•?«» 



\ 





t V » - - 



t - 



Some years ago the feetls of this plant were fown to 

 form hedges about fields, where, if the foil was light, 

 the plants foon become ftrong enough for a fence 

 againft cattle ; but as thefe hedges in a few years be- 

 came naked at the bottom, and fome of the plants 

 frequently failed, there becam>e gaps in the hedges, 

 therefore the raifing of them has been of lace years 

 little practifed... But there are fome p^erfons who have 

 fown the feeds of this plant upon very poor hungry 

 gravel or fandy land, which has produced more profit 

 than they could make of the ground by any other 

 iprop, efpecially in fuch places where fuel of all forts 

 is de^ri, for. tjiis Furze is frequently ufed for heat- 

 ing ovens, burning linie and bricks, and alfofor dry- 

 ing malt. And in fome places where there has been 

 a fcarcity of fuel, I have kdowii poor land, which 

 v/ould not have lett for five ftiillings per acre, which 

 has been fown v/itli Furze, produce one pound oer 

 acre per ann. fo that there has been a confiderable im- 

 provement made by this plant. But this is not worth 

 pradtifihgin fuch countries where fuel of any kind is 

 cheap, or upon fuch land as. will produce good Grafs 

 or Corn ; therefore it fs only mentioned here to fhew, 

 that poor lands may be fo managed, as to brina: an 

 annua! profit to their proprietors. '"^■tr.\.- .. .. '^- .. 

 The fecond fort is a native of the country near' the 

 Cape of Good Hope, where it ufuaily grows to the 

 height of five or fix feet j but in Europe, where it is 

 preferved as a curioficy in fonie gardens, it feldom 

 rifes fo high. The ftalk is^ ligneous and hard, 'co- 

 vered with a grecnifn bark when young, but it after- 

 ward becoines grayifh," The branches are flender and 

 -ligneous, the leaves are^fingle, obtufe, and theflioots* 

 terminate with fpines.— This plant has been feveral 

 years in the Englifh gardens, but has not produced 





any fiowersr;.. 

 This plant is too tender to live in the open air through 

 the winter in England, therefore it is preferved in 

 green-houfes with the hardier forts of exotic plants, 

 which do not require any artificial heat to prcfcrve 







t;--tjA 



. It" is very difficult to propagate, either by layers or cut- 

 tings, for the layers are generally two or three years 

 before they have fufiicient root to cranfplant, and the 

 'cuttings do very rarely take root, and as the plant does 

 not produce feeds in Elurope, it is very rare in the 

 ■. European gardews. It is a plant of no great* beauty, 

 ..but, as it is an evergreen, it is admitted into the gar- 

 dens of thofe who are curious in botany for the fake 



^h 



•"*£''>'' 1 "■ 



- of variety, -^v, i 



ULMARIA.;-See Sfir.ea. 

 ULMUS. Tourn. Inft. R. 1 1. 6oi. tab. 372. 

 Gen. Plant. 281. The Elm-tree ; in French, Orme. 



Lin. 





The Char ACTKRS are, 



>efiQ%vcr^has a rough ■permanent empakment of one leaf 



I. 



•This genus of plants is ranged in the fecond fcdion 

 of Linnaeus s fitch clafs, which contains thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have five ilamina and two ftyles. • 

 The Spjccies are. - "J-' .'.-r'. --. :r;-' > :' 



_ ? ft 



llh^ivs {Campeftris)^ foliis oblongis acumihatis, du- 



cMong 



> plicato-fcrratis, bafi in^qualibus. 



lea 



Elm -t^m 



acute-potnt 



ed 



'VCS 



i^hkh are dcuhly Ja'u^ed en their 



2. Ulmus {Scabris) foliis oblongo-ovatis in.Tqualitcr 



::iferratis, ca]ycibusfo!iaGeis\ Elm-jDith chlongovallcanj:s 

 which are unequally Ja^cd, and have leafy empakments to 



>■ theflowcrL Ulrnus folio latiffima, fcabro. Ger. Emac. 



: US I. The Witch Hazel, 'or romh and'^very bread' 



leaved Elm ; by fome wfkilful perfdns cdM tie Britijh 



3. Ulmus {Satlviis) foliis' Ovatis acummatis duplicato- 

 :: ferratis, bafi inasqiuHbus. Elra vjithhvdl acute-pointed 

 -/leaves -ujhich are doubly fawed, ' and unequal at their ba'c. 

 .-: Uhnus minor, folio angufto, fcabro. Ger.' Emac. 

 ■'■' i^^o. The fmall-leaved cr Englifi Elm. " ' 



4. Ulmus {Glabris) foHis ovatis glabris, acute ferratis. 

 ■'n Elm with ovaljmooth leaves, which are Jf jar ply ' fazved cii 

 L J /i^^/r^J^^j-.":. Ulmus folio glabro. Ger. Emac. 14S1. 



»' V V 



T • r » 



'3 'i The fmooth4ea<)ed Witch Elm. 



5. Ulmus ^(Hollandicus) foliis ovatis acurfimatrs fu'goTis, 



in^equali'ter ferratis, cortice fungofo.''%E/;^ with (ii^ai\ 

 ^n acute-pointed, rough leave's, mhich are unequally fa^joed^ 



and a fungous bark. ^Ulmus major Hollandicarangun:is 

 ::'i'&magis acumihatis famarris, folio latiffimo, fcabro. 

 r>Pluk. Aim. The Butch Elm: 



-f f- - r tf-i 



V: 'natis duplicato-ferratis. FJm with oblong', frnooth, acute- 

 ■ ■'.pointed leaves, which are doubly f awed. Ulmus minor, 



folio angufto, glabro. The frnooth narrow-leaved Elm^ 



by fome called the upriyht FJra. 



The firft fort is very common in the north-wed 



_ counties of England, where it is generally believed to 



"> grow naturally in the woods ; this grows to a very 



b^Jarge fize. The bark of the young branches is fniooth 



~:;^and very tough, but Hia't of the old trees cracks and 



is rough;-^- The branches ipread, and dcTnot grow fo 



^reft as thofe of the third lort. The leaves are%ouo-h, 



; ^nd are doubly fawed on their ellges. Their bafe is 



• ^unequal, about three inches long cind two broad;" of 



* a<!ark green colour, and Hand upon'fliort foot-{talks. 

 .The flowers come out in March upon the flender 



twigs, fl:anding in clufl:ers ; they are of a deep red co- 



. lour ; thefe are fucceeded by oval bordered capfules, 



- containing one roundifli coTnprcfl^ed feed v/hich ripens 



■' in May.: ;The wood of this tree is gopd for all the 



purpofes of any kind of Elm, -and the trees grow to 



a very large fize, but the leaves do not 'come out 



till late in the fpring, fo there are few perfons who 



. plant thefe trees near their habitations. -■ .-■■ ■ 



. The fecond fort grows naturally in fome of th 



thern counties of England, where it is frequently called 



Witch-hazel, from the refemblance of the young 



fhoots and leaves to thofe of Hazel.' This' grows to 



a tree of great magnitude. The bark of the youn^- 



fhoots is very frnooth and tough ; it is of a yellowifli 



brown colour, v/ith fpors of white. The leaves arc 



' oval, fix inches long, and ahnoft four broad, and are 



unequally fawed on their edges. The flbwers j;rrow in 



clufters tov/ard the end of the twigs ; they have lono- 



e nor- 



and appear in 



*i -«. 



: l?afy empal^ments of a green colour, 



'■ the fpring before their leaves, and the feeds nocn the 

 latter end of May. The wood of this tree is not fo 

 good for ufe as that of the firft fort. Formerly, when 

 longbows were in ufe, many of them were mai5e 



■of the boughs of this tree. '.• ' 



The 



V 



