fiut for large gardens, where (hade is required, there 

 is fcarce any tree fo proper for that piipofe, being 

 eafy to remove when grown to a confidcrable fize, fo 

 that a perfon who is willing to have his plantations 

 for fhade in a fhort time, may procure trees of near 

 one foot circumference in their trunk, which will be 

 in little danger of fucceeding, provided they are re- 

 moved with care. And thefe will take root, and grow 

 very well, though notfo well as young plants, which 

 is what few other forts of trees will doj but then they 

 ftiould be fuch trees as have been thus regularly train- 

 ed up in a nurfery, and have good roots, and not fuch 

 as are taken out of hedge rows (as is by fome prac- 

 tifed,) which feldom rife with any tolerable roots, and 

 confequently often mifcarry ; and this has been the 

 occafion'of fo many plantations of thefe trees failing, 

 for although fome of them may live a few years, yet 

 few of them are of long duration, and they rarely in- 

 creafe much in their ftems, but frequently grow hoi- I thumb, in tenor t\vdvc years time they would have 



E 



others from attempting to make "plantations of this 



tree; for, asgreat part of the trees have been takcri 



out of hedge rows, and from places where they have 



fprung up from the roots of old trees, they had but 



few roots, and thofe not furnin^ed with fibres, fo 



fuch of the trees as lurvived their removal have made 



fcarce any progrefs j and 1 havefeen many plantations 



which had been growing ten, twelve, or more years, 



almoft totally deltroyed in a fevere winter, and fome- 



■ times by a very dry fummer i for, as their roots had ' 



^ not extended far in the ground, the trees were weak, 



and though they kept alive, yet were not able to refifl 



a fevere froft, or a great drought; but the planter.^ 



. were in a hurry, and wanted immediate Ihade and 



- profpcft, fo in order to obtain thefe, purfued a me- 

 . thod in which they could never hope to have either 



- in' any degree of perfedlion ; whereas if they had 

 planted trees no bigger in their ftems than a man's 



low, their heart decaying firft, fo that they are fup- 

 ported only by their bark or fhell, for a few years, 

 and the firft fevere wihtbr," oi* very dry fummer, they 





are generally deftroyed. 

 But although I have faid, that Elms which are train- 

 ed up in a nurfery may be removed with fafety, at a 

 larger fize than moft other trees, yet I would not have 

 ' it underftood, that by this I would recommend the 

 planting of them when large, for if people would 

 have a little patience when they plant, and never plant 

 any of thefe trees which are more than four or five 

 inches in the girt of their ftems, they will in a few 

 years become better trees than any of thofe which are 

 tranfplanteS of a much larger growth, and they will 



had both, with the plcafure of feeing an annual pro- 

 ■^ grefs of their trees, at a time when their large-planted 



trees are decaying. \' ; 



I have feen fomecxpenfive plantations of this kind, 



which havefeemed to fuccced for two or three years, 

 "by making ftrong ftioots moft part of the length of 

 ■\ their ftems, which has greatly deceived their planters, 

 ■ ' who did not doubt but their trees were out of danger, 



but in a few years after, they found moft of their 



" tops decay, and their hearts were rotting apace, fo 



' became hollow, and although they continued to put 



out lateral Ihoots, yet their ftems never increafed in 

 fize. -• ' , 



In fome plantations made in the fame place' a few years 



always gfow to a much larger fizd • befides* they are after, with trees not a tenth part fo large as the former. 



much more eafily removed, and do not require to be 

 fo ftrohgly fupported, nor is there much danger of 

 the young trees mifcarrying ; therefore it is much more 

 eligible to make choice of young thriving trees (but 



-' 'hot out of a better foil than that where they are to be 

 planted,) and never to plant any large trees, unlefs 

 where a fmall number may be wanted for an imme- 

 'diate ftiade, and in fuch cafes it is always {)'ropcr to 

 ■plant fome young trees amongft the large ones, to fuc- 

 x:eed them when they fail. - 



. In planting of thefe trees, great care muft be taken 

 not to bury their roots too deep, which is very injuri- 

 'ous to theniV efpecially if they are planted on a moift 

 loam or clay*, in which cafe, if the clay is near the 

 furface, it will be the beft way to raife the ground in 



. a hill, where each tree is to be'ptanted, which will 

 advance their roots above the furface of the ground, 

 fo that they will not be in danger of rotting in winter 



,1 % ^v, -i*» 



with m'oifture. 

 When thefe trees are propagated hj fuckers taken 

 from the foot of old trees, they are commonly laid 

 into the ground in rows pretty clofe together in beds, 

 where, in dry weather, theyrnay be frequently water- 

 ed to encourage their putting out roots. In thefe beds 

 they are left commonly two years,^by which time 

 thofe that live will be rooted (though a great many of 

 them generally die they then are tranfplanted into 

 the nurfery, and managed as hath been direded for 





' F 



the layers. 



There are fome who raife the Witch Elm from feeds, 

 which it generally produces in great plenty, and are 

 ripe in May ; thefe ftiould be fown upon a bed of frefli 

 loamy earth, and gently covi^red. In dry weather 

 they ftiould be watered, and if the bed is ftiaded from 

 the violent heat of the fun, it will be of great fervice 

 to the feeds (for I always obferve the 'plants to come 

 up better in the fliade, than When expofcd to the fun.) 

 When the plants come up, they ftiould be carefully 

 cleared from weeds, and after they have flood two 

 years in the feed-bed, they will be fit to plant out in- 

 to the nurfery, where they muft be managed as the 



former. •• *■ ' -- ■ ' , . V 



When we view many of the late plantations which 

 have been made in parks and gardens within forty 

 years paft, at a very great cxpence, and obferve the 

 little progrefs they have made, it is enough to deter 



yet are now more than double the fize of the large 



ones, and in a moft thriving ftate, whereas theothers 



; do little more than juft keep alive ; therefore I advife 



every perfon, who wifties to have their trees thrive 



' ■ and become large, to plant them young, which may 



be performed for a very fmall fum, when compared 



- with that of the other. 



' Another piece of advice may be alfo necefl^ary here, 



which is, not to top or cut the trees, as is too much 



praftifcd near London, which not only impedes their 



growth, but occafions their decaying foon. 



U M B E L L A, an umbel, is the extremity of a ftalk 



or branch, divided into fevcral pedicles or rays, be- 



j '■ ginning fron^i the fame point, and opened in fuch a 



I ^'marinbr as to form an*inverted cone. When thepedi- 



I cles, into which the ft^.lk is divided," are fubdivided 



i- intoothers of the fame form, upon which the flov/ers 



\ ■ or fruits are difpofed, the firft order is called rays, the 



• fecohd pedicles. .That umbel which confifts dr pedi- 



' ,' cles only is called a fimple umbel j that which is coni- 



\ ' pofed both of rays and pedicles is called a compound 



UMBELLIFEROUS PLANTS are thofe 

 :wh6fe flowers are produced in an umbel, on the top 



- of the ftalksj; where they, in fome manner, rcprefent 



- an umbrella. Of this kind are Parfneps, Carrots, 

 '•'Fennel, Parfley, &ci " - •:t% r':-:}.^. ■';,.:u' _< 



URENA.' Hort. Elth. 319. Lin, Gen. Plant. 754. 

 Indian Mallow. ■ *- ' '" ■ 



The Characters are, • , 

 It hatb a malvaceous flower with a dcuhle empalennnt^ 

 the outer being of one leaf flightly cut at the brim into five 

 parts^ but the inner is five-leaved^ permanent^ and cut to 

 the bottom, ^he flower is compojed of five leaves which are 

 oblongs and blunt at their extremity^ but narrow at their 

 h'afe^ where they coalefce. In the center there are many 

 ftamina which are joined^ and form a column at their 

 bafey but fprea^ open above. It has a roitndifh five-cor- 

 nered germen with a fingk ftyle, and ten hairy reflexed 

 ftigmas. The germen changes to a pentagonal fruit which 

 is burry^ and divides i?ito flve cellsy each having one an- 



\ , 



I* 



gular feed. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the third fcction of 

 Linnaeus*s fixteenth clafs, which includes thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have many ftamina, which, with the 

 ftyle, are joined in one body. 



14 M The 



t ■ ' 



