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Having given dircftions for the making of gravel 



Walk 



of land Walks, 



which are now very frequently made in gardens, as 

 being lefs expenfive in the making, and alio in keep- 

 ing, than the former ; and in very large irregular gar- 

 dens, which are fuch as moft perfons efteem, this is 

 i very great article ; for as the greateft part of the 

 Walks which are made in gardens are carried about 

 in an irregular manner, it would be very difiicult to 

 keep them handfome, if they were laid with gravel, 

 efpecially where they are fhaded by trees ; for the drip- 

 ping of the water from their branches, in hard rains, 

 is apt to wafh the gravel in holes, and render the 

 Walks very unfightly -, and when thefe wood Walks 

 are of Grafs, they do not appear fightly, nor are they 

 very proper for walking on ; for after rain they conti- 

 nue fo long damp as to render them unfit for ufe^and 

 the Grafs generally grows Ipiry and weak for want of 

 air, and by the continual dropping of the trees, will 

 by degrees be deftroyedj therefore it is much better 

 to lay thefe Walks with fand, which will be dry and 

 wholefome ; and whenever they appear mofly, or any 

 weeds begin to grow on them, if they are fcufflcd over 

 ■with a Dutch hoe in dry weather, and then raked 

 fmooth, it willdeftroy the weeds and Mofs, and make 

 the Walks appear as frefh and handfome as if they 

 had been new laid. 



In the modern way of laying out gardens, the Walks 

 ^re carried through woods and plantations, fo that 

 thefe are fliady and convenient for walking in the 

 middle of the day. Thefe are ufually carried about, 

 winding as much as the ground will admit of, fo as to 

 leave a fufficient thk;knefs of wood to make the 

 Walks private i and that the nerfonQ who arp walVmrr 



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are in any of the other parts. Where thefe Walks 

 are contrived with judgment, a fmall extent of ground 

 will admit of a great many turns, fo that a perfon 

 may walk fome miles in a fmair garden.' But tfiefe 

 turns fhould be m.ade a^ natural as ponible, fo as hot 

 to appear too much like a work' of art, which will ne- 

 ver pleafe {p long' as the former. 



The breadth pf thefe Walks ftiouU be ppopbrtiohed 

 to the fize of .the ground, which in 4 large extent may 

 be twelve or fourteen feefwidte.^.but in fmall gardens 

 five of fix feet will be fufficient. ^There are fomcTper- 

 fons who allow a much greater breadth to their Walks 

 than what I have affigncd to the largefl gardens, but 

 as thefe walks are fuppofed to be Ihaded by trees, fo 

 when they are made too broad, the trees muft be 



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throw off the wet into the quarters, which v;iil ren- 

 der them more dry and healthy to walk on. 

 Ahtr the earth is taken out to the ir^fended depth, the 

 bottom of the Walks fliould be laid with rubbilh, 

 coarfe gravel, or whatever of the like nature, can be 

 iiiofl readily procured. This iliould be laid four, live 

 or fix inches thick, and beaten down as clofe as po-Ti- 

 ble,. to prevent the worms from working through it ; 

 then the fand fhould be laid upon this about three or 

 four inches thick, and after treading it down as dole 

 as poffible, it fhould be raked over, to level and 

 fmooth the furface. In doing of this, the whole fhould 

 be laid a little rounding to throv/ off the wee, but 

 there will be no necefTity of obferving any exaftnefs- 

 therein ^ for as the whole ground is to have as little 

 appearance of art as pofTibie, the rounding of tbefe 

 Walks fhould be as natural,, and only fo co'ntrivcd, as 

 that the water may have free pafTage from them. 

 The fand with which thefe Walks are laid, fiiould 

 be fuch as will bind, otherwife it will be very troublc- 

 fome to walk on them in dry weather ; for if the fand 

 be of a loofe nature, it v^'ill be moved with flrono^ 

 gales of wind, and in dry weather will flide from ua^ 

 der the feet. If after thefe Wailcs are laid, they are 

 well rolled two or three times, *it will fettle them, and 

 caufe them to be .firm. If the fand is too much in- 

 clinable to loam, it will alfo be attended with as ill 

 confequence as that which is too loofe, for this will 

 ftick to the feet after every rain ; fo that where fand 

 can be obtained of a middle nature,, it flioukl always 

 be preferred. 



In fome countries where fand cannot be eafily pro- 

 cured, thefe Walks may be laid with fea fhells well 

 pounded, fo as to reduce them to a powder, which 



in one part of them, may not be k^n by thofe who will bind extremely well, provided thcv are roUcd 



^ now and then | but where neither of thefe can be eafi- 



' ly procured, fea-coal alhes, or whatever eltc can be 



. gotten, which will bind, and will be dry to the feet,. 



"" niay be ufed for this purpofe ; and where any of thclc 



can only be had in fmall quantities, the v/alks ihould 



have a gi:eater fhare of rubbifh Jaid in their bottom, 



ahd^theie fpread'thinly over thern ; and in mod places 



i;;rubbifb,; rough flones.- or eoarfe travel, may be ea- 



uly procured^ - 

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planted clofe to the fides of the Walks : and then it cheapefl. 



will be a long 'time before'they wilt afford a fufficient 

 fhade, if the trees are young. ' Therefore I imagine. 



here .^ ^-rr- - s-^ 



r^iufficient, efpecially as the walks are derigned'to wind 



v'^aS much a§ rfie girOiiiid Will allow, becaufe the wiier 



they 'are, thegreater muft be the turns'," otherwife the 



-' "Walks will not be private for any fmall diftance. Be- 



'■ fides, as it will be prcJper td line' the Tides of thefe 



Walks with Honeyfuckfes, SvVeetbriar, Rofes,' and 



many other fweet flowerirtg'fhfubs; fo'the tall trees 



/fliould be placed at leaft fivd of fix fefet Frofn tKe Walk, 



* ,7to allow room for thefe. But as I fhall paftTcularly treat 



■"'of the metho'd pf laying out wildernefles,"'and' plant- 



fng of them, in fuch a manner as to render' them as 

 y nearly refernbling a natural wood as poflible, 'under 

 '^' its prpper h^ad, I Ihall add nothing more in this place, 

 / except a few common diredlions for making 6f thefe 

 =: fend Walks? ''■•. ' '- ' , -_■ ' 

 --.When the 



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Walk 



^ Walks, and laid in the quarters. The depth of 

 this rhiifl be proportioned to the nature of the foil ; 

 for where tlie ground is dry, the Walks need not be 

 elevated much above the ciuarcers, fo the earth Ihould 

 be takeri ouf four or five inches deep in fuch places ; 

 but where ^the '"" ' ' * ' ' -^. ^. > 



Walks 



forfi 



fotind^ is wet, the bottom of the 

 e more than two inches below the 



to 



Walks may be raifed 



ripenin 



are abfolutely nccefTary in gardens, for 



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be perfected in this country without fuch afnftaace. 

 Thefe are built with different materials ; in fome 

 countries they are built of ftone,. in others with brick^ 

 according as the materials can be' procured bed and 



Ut all materials proper for building Walls for fruits 

 I .' trees," brick is the befl; in that it is not only the 

 ' "V han^lfomeft, but the warmefl and kindell for the ri- 



' 'P£"i"g^(^^^^^' befides.that, it affords the bcfl con- 

 ' ;^; yeniency bi^ nailing, for fmaller nails will ferve in then-^ 



Wall 



Wall 



' pilaflers or columns, at proper diftances, to fcparatc 



; the tree^ force of the wiads, make . 



'. noFdhly ttae mofl beautiful^ but the moft profitable 

 Walls "■ '' " -'' --'^ '' ■ ' ' " ■ '-i -f ' . --i^^- - 





d tiiere a 



Wall 



I 



\ * 



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n lome parts of Englan 

 of brick and' flone, whicK have' been Very commodi- 

 ous. The bricks of fame places are not of thenif^ives^ 

 fubflantial enough for Walls, nor are thcy'any where 

 fo durable as flone ; and therefore fome perfons," tL:ic 

 they might have Walls both fubftantial and hand- 

 fome, have built double ones," the ourfide being of 

 flone, and the infide of bi'ick, or a flone Wall lined 

 with brick j but when thefe are bulk, there niufl be- 

 great care talcen to bind the bricks well into the ftonev 

 otherwife they are very apt' to feparate one from the 

 other, efpecially when' frofl comes after much wer, 

 which fwells tlie mortar, and frequently throws down 

 the bricks, when'the Walls'are only faced withthem,- 

 andflot well tied into the ftone! 



J - ' * ■ - ' - ■ 



Whi^re the Walls" are built entirelv of flone. there 



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■/ .Ihould be trdliiFes fixed up againft them, for tli'c more 



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