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The bcfl: afpecl for Walls in England is, to have one 



point to the eaftward of the ibuth^ for thcfe will en- 

 joy the bentrfitof the morning fun, and \vill be Icfs ex- 

 poled to tl>e well and fouth-well winds (which are 

 very injurious to fruits ir> England) than thofc Walls 

 which are built due fomh. 1 know there are many 

 perfuns who object to the turning of Walls theleaft 

 point to the ea(i:, on account of the blights which 

 they fay come from that quarter in the ipring; but 

 from many years experience and obfervation 1 can 

 affirm, that blights as often attack thofe Walls which 

 are open to the fouth-wcll, as tliofe which are built to 

 any other afpect ; and I believe, whoever will be at 

 the trouble to obferve for fevcn years, which afpedted 

 Walls fuffernaod from blights, will find thofe which 

 arc built with a point to the eaftward of the fouth, as 

 feldom blighted, as thofe which are turned to any 

 other afpeft; therefore, in the contrivance 

 kitchen-garden, there fliould be as great length of 

 thefe Walls built, as the fituation of the ground will 

 admit. 



The next beft afpect is due fouth, and the next to that 

 fouth-eaft, which is preferable to the fouth- weft, for 

 the reafons before afligned ; but as there will, for the 

 moft part, be fouth-weft, and weft Walls in every gar- 

 den, thefe may be planted with fome forts of fruit, 

 which do not require fo much heat to ripen them, as 



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from each otiier. To thclc the crofs rails which art 

 laid horizoiually fliould be well nailed, which will le 

 cure them from being difplaccd, and alfo ilrenrnh^ 

 en the trellis, but the other Imaller upright p'Sleg 

 need only be faftened with wire. To thefe trcl 

 lilfes the flioots of the trees lliould be faftencd with 

 ofier twigs, rope-yarn, or any ot!:cr foft banda 



dc- 



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W 



Wall 



Morello 



for they muft not be nailed to it, bccaufe that will 

 cay the wood-work. 



Thefe trellifles need not be erefted until the trees arc 

 well fpread, and begin to bear fruit plentifully ; be- 

 fore which time the young trees may be trained up 

 againft any ordinary lowefpaliers, made only of a few 

 flender Afti poles, or any other (lender fticks; by 

 which contrivance the treliifies will be nev/ when the 

 trees come to bearing, and will laft many years after 

 the trees have overipread them •, whereas, when they 

 are made before the trees are planted, they will be 

 half decayed before the trees attain half their growth. 



Where thefe trelliffcs are intended to be *"_ ^„,^* 



new Walls, it will be proper tofaften fome ftronglron 

 hooks into the Wall as it is built, at the diftance which 

 the upright pofts are intended to be placed ; becaufc 

 when thefe are afterwards driven into the Wall, they 

 dilplace the mortar in the joints, and injure the Wall. 

 In the building of the Walls round a kitchen-garden,' 

 theinfides, which are deligncd to be planted with 

 fruit-trees, fl:iould be made as plain as poffible, fo tliac 

 the piers fliould notprojed on thofe fides above four 

 inches at moft; and thefe fl:iould be placed about 

 fourteen feet afundcr, infuch Walls as are cjefigned 

 for Peach and Nedlarine-trees ; fo that each tree "niay 

 be planted exaftly in the middle between the piers, 

 v/hich will render them more fightly, and be better for 

 the trees; but where Apricots, Plums, or Cherries 

 are to be planted, the piers may be only ten feec 

 . , afunder ; and againft every other pier the trees Ihould 



which IS an excellent method, becaufe | .^be planted, which will allow them fufficient' room to 



Spread; as the trellis will projed: as forward as the 

 piers, the branches of the trees may be trained on a 

 plain ; but when the piers project no niore on the in- 

 fide of the garden, they fhould be built ftronger on 

 the outfide,' for the better Fupponing of the Walls. 

 rTheufaal tiiicknefs which garden Walls are allowed, 

 : if built with bricks, is thirteen inches, which is one 

 brick and a half, but this fhould be proportionable 

 to the height ; for if they are built twelve or fourteen 



more, as is often praftifed, then the 

 foundationsof the Walls fnould beatleaft two bricks 

 and a half thick^ and brought up a foot or more above 

 the level of the furface of the ground, of the fame 

 thicknefs ; then they fhouid be fet off two inches on 

 each fide, which will reduce them to two bricks ; and 



fomeDukeCherries may be planted againft thefe Walls, 

 to continue them longer in the feafon, which will be 

 found ufeful in fupplying the table till Peaches, Nec- 

 tarines, and Plums, are ripe. 



Where perfons are very curious to have good fruit, 

 they ere6t a trellis againft their Walls, which projects 

 about two inches from them, to which they faften 

 their trees ; ' * * * 



Walls 



fo as not to be injured by them, and will have all the 

 advantage of their heat ; and by this method the Walls 

 will not be injured by driving nails into their joints, 

 which by every year being drawn out; draws out the 

 mortar from between the bricks, and thereby makes 

 holes, in which fnails and other vermin will harbour 





Wall 



be alfo 



1 



4 



greatly impaired. 

 , Thefe trelliffes may be contrived" according to the forts 

 of fruit which are planted againft them. Thofe which 

 are defigned for Peaches, Neftarines, and Apricots 

 (which, for the m.oft part, produce their fruit on the 

 young wood) Ihould have their rails three, or at moft 

 four inches afunder every way; but for the other 

 forts of fruit, which continue bearing on the old 

 wood, they may be five or fix inches apart, and thofe 

 ::for Vines may be eight or nine inches diftance. ■ For 

 ,as the flioots of Vines are always trained at a much 

 greater diftance than thofe of any other fort of fruit, 

 the trellilTes for thefe need not be near fo clofe, efpe- 

 cially as thofe muft for Peachefi and Nectarines, whofe 

 ihoots are generally fhortened to about five or fix inches 

 f>r lefs; fo that if the rails are not pretty clofe, many 

 of the fhort branches cannot be faftehed to thetii. * '"^ 

 Thefe trellifits may be made of any fort of timber, ac- 

 cording to the expeiice which the owner is willing to 

 beftow ; but Fir is moft commonly ufed for this pur- 

 pofe, which if made of yellow deal, well dried and 

 painted, will laft many years ; but if any perfon will 

 go. to the expence of Oak, it will laft found much 

 longer, efpecially if the trees are fallen in winter. 

 And if any one is unwilling to be at the expence 

 of either, then a trellis may be made of Afli 

 poles, in the fame manner as is praclifed in making 

 cfpaliers for counter borders, with this difference only, 

 that every fourth upright rail or poft ftiould be very 

 ftrong, and faftened with iron hooks to the Wall, which 

 will fupport the whole;' and as thefe rails muft be 

 laid much clofer together, than is generally praftifed 

 for efpahers, thefe ftrong upright rails or pofts Ihould 



feet high oi 



I \ 





* >. >' 



diftaht 



^- i 



five or fix feet aboye the furface of the ground, they 

 may be diniinifhed on each fide, to reduce them to 

 the thicknefs of a brick and a half; 'which muft be 

 continued to the top of the Walls, and the piers in thefe 

 high Walls flaould alfo be proportionably ftronger than 

 is commonly allowed to lower Walls ; for as thefe will 

 be much moreexpofed to ftrong gales of v/ind, if-they 

 are not 'well built, they will be in danger of being 

 blown down ; therefore the piers of thefe Walls fhould 

 be projefted the length of a brick on their back- 

 fide,_ and the thicknefs of a brick on their front v 

 and if thefe are built about ten or twelve feet afun- 

 der, they will greatlyftrengthen the Walls. ■ 

 But there is no necefilty for building Walls higher than 

 nine or ten feet, unlefs it be for Pears, which, if pro- 

 perly managed, will fpread over a great co.n-jpals of 

 walling; but as only fome of the lateft winter Pears 

 require theaffiftance of a Wall, there need no more 

 but that' part of the Wall where thefe are defigned to 

 be built higher; for Peaches and Net^arines never re- 

 quire a Wall higher than nine or ten feet, provided 

 they are rightly managed ; becaufe whenever they are 

 carried to a greater height, the lower part of the Wall 

 is unfurniftied with bearing branches ; and although 

 Apricots, Plums, and Cherries will frequently grovv 

 higher, 'yet, if they are planted at a proper diftance, 



arid the branches trained horizontally from the botton i, 



tliey 



