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W A L 



Wall 



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Vines may be kept as low as any fort of fruit, for, 

 when they are planted againft low Walls, they muft' 

 be treated fomewhat after the. fame manner as thofe 

 in vineyards, which is, to cut out the greateft part of 

 the wood which produced fruit the preceding year, 

 and train in new flioots for the next year's bearing, 

 which are rarely left a yard in length, therefore will 

 not require very high Walls. , . 



: If the Pears which are defigned to be planted, are al- 

 lowed a fouth-weft afpeft, on which they will ripen 

 very well, then the Wall to this afpeft Ihould be built 

 fourteen feet high or more ; for as thefe trees fpread 

 very far when on free ftocks, they fhould not be 

 jhortened and flopped in their growth, which will 

 prevent their bearing, by caufing them to fen^ out a 

 great number of grofs luxuriant (boots, whicK will ne- 

 ver produce fruit ; therefore thefe fhould never be 

 planted amongft other forts of fruit-trees which are of 

 lefs growth, becaufe then the J^alls muft appear very 

 unfightly, in having fome trees planted more than 

 double the diftance which the others require ; fo that 

 there is no other fort of fruit which requires the aflift- 

 ance of Walls to ripen their fruit, which need fo gireat 

 room for fpreading as Pears, except it be Figs, a few 

 trees of which may be planted againft the fame Walls 

 where there is room ; though thefe may be planted 

 againft the back Walls of offices or ftables, where 

 there is conveniency, becaufe this fruit is feldom co- 

 veted byfervants ; and being planted in places" which 

 are much frequented, they will not^be in fo much dan- 

 ger of being deftroyed by birds, as thofe which are in 

 private places. But I Ihall now proceed to give fome 

 diredtions for the building of hot Walls, to accelerate 

 the ripening of fruits, which is now pretty much 

 praftifed in Englahd, 



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^ Walls are built at a very great ex- 

 pence, and fo contrived as to confume a great quan- 

 tity of fuel; but where they are judiciouQy built, the I 

 firft expence will not be near fo great, nor will the 

 charge of fuel be very confiderable, becaufe there will 

 be no neceflity of making fires more than three or four 

 months, beginning about the midde are latter end of 

 January, and ending by the end of May, when there 

 ■will be no w^nt , of . fires, if the glaftes are clofe Ihut 

 every night, or in fiad weather ; for half an hour's 

 iun-Ihine on the glaffes at that feafbn will fufiiciently 

 warm the air inclofed in the giaflesi for the growth of 

 any of our European fruits. :■ ~::y''i^{^'y'^^:,{:^^^ :V 

 There are fome perfons who plant Vines, and other 

 fruit-trees by the fides of ftoves, and draw fome of 

 their branches into the ftove, in order to obtain early 

 fruit ; but this is by no means right, where the ftove is 

 defigned for Ananas, becaufe the air muft be kept much 

 warmer for them than is required for any of the other 

 fruits, fo that they can never fucceed well together-, for 

 when there is only a fufficient quantity of air admitted 

 for the growth of the other fruit, the Ananas are 

 ftarved for want of proper heat ; and fo on the con- 

 trary, when the ftove is kept up to the proper heat 

 for the Ananas, it will be too hot for other fruits ; and 

 it will alfo be proper to have the Vines on a particu- 

 lar Wall by themfelvcs, becaufe thefe require to have 

 a crreater fliare of air admitted to them when they 

 begin to ftioot, than fome other forts of fruit, fo 

 that it is by much the better method to' have them 



. fcparate. ■ ■'.-■ ■■ ^ ■ -■■ - ' I : ■ •:: 



-The ordinary height of thofe hot Walls is about ten 

 feet, which will be fufficient for any of thofe forts 



■ of fruits which are generally forced j for by forcing 

 of the trees, they are commonly weakened in their 

 growth, fo that they will not grow fo vigoroufly as 

 thofe which are always expofed to the open air; and 

 where there is not a quantity of Walling planted fuf- 

 ficient to let one part reft every other year, the trees 

 will never be very healthy, and will laft but a few years. 

 The quantity of Walling to produce early fruit for a 

 middling family, cannot be Icfs than eighty or one 

 hundred feet in length ; therefore where a perfon is 

 defirous to have the fruit in perfedion, and the trees 



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W A L 



to coiuliiue In a good condition many years, there 

 fhould be three times this qdantity of Walling built ■; 

 fo that by dividing it into three parts, there will be hvo 

 years for the trees to recover their vigour between the 

 times of their being forced, whereby a greater qu'tid- 

 tity of bearing wood m'ay be obtained, and the fruit 

 will be fairer, and in larger quantities, than whcij 

 they are forced every year, or every other year ; ancl 

 as the glafl*es may be contrived fo as to move from 

 one to the other, the expence of building the Wa!l^ 

 fo much longer, will not be very great, becaufe the 

 frames and glaffes will be the fame as for one ye^r'^ 

 fi-uit. ; . ; . ■ : ... . '. _ . . ; 



The foundations of thefe Walls Ihould be made four 

 bricks and a half thick, in order to fnpport the fiues J 

 otherwife, if part of them reft on brick-work, and 

 the other part on the ground, they will fettle Une- 

 qually, and foon be out of order; for wherever there 

 happen any cracks in the flues, through which the 

 frnoke can make its efcape, it will prevent their d^^^v- 

 ing; and if the ftjioke gets within the glaffes, it will 

 greatly injure the fruit, and give it a fmoky tafte. 

 This thicknefs of Wall need not be continued more 

 than' fix inches above the ground, where ftiould 

 be the foundation or bottom of the firft flue, which. 

 will be fufficient to raife it above the damps of 

 the earth i then the Walls may be fet off four inches on 

 each fide, which will reduce it to the thicknefs of 

 three bricks and a half, fo that the back Wall may be 

 two bricks thick, which is abfolutely neceffary to* 

 throw the heat out more in front ; for when the back 



A, 



Walls are built too thin, the heat will efcape through 

 them. ■ The Wall in front next to the fruit, fliould 

 be only four inches thick, whereby there will be al- 

 lowance of nine inches for the flues," which may be 

 . covered with twelve inch tiles ; for if they have an 

 inch and a half bearing on each fide, it will be fufficient; 

 The ovens in which the fires are rriade, muft be con- 

 trived on the backfide of the Walls, which fliould be 

 in number proportionable to the length of the Walls. 

 The length ufually allowed for each fire to warm i^ 

 forty feet, though they will do very well for fifty 

 feet ; but I would not advife the flues to be longer 

 than this to each fire, becaufe when the ovens are 

 made at a great diftance, there is a neceffuy of making 

 the fires fomuch ftronger to warm the Walls, which 

 will occafibn the heat to be too violent near the fires. 



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.„ Thefe ovens iKould be fhedded Ove'K'tokeep out the 

 wind and rain, otherwife the .fireiVill not burii 



*. equally. ""Some people make thefe ffieds of timber, 

 but it is much better to build them of brick, and tile 

 them over, becaufe the wooden flieds will in a few 



and afterwards be a coallant charge td 

 keep thcni in repair"- and befides they may be in dan-, 



years decay, 



ger 



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ring, if greit care is not conftancly taken of 



the fires. As it is abfolutely neceffary to have the 

 bveris below the foundation of the firft flues, there 

 muft be fteps dowri into the flieds; to come to the 

 mouth of the ovens to fupply the fuel, therefore the 

 Iheds fhould not be narrovVer than eight feet in the 

 clear; for as the fteps will require four feet Ipace, 

 there iliould be at leaftfotirfeet more for the perfon 

 who attends the fire, to have room to turn himfelf to 

 clear out the afhes, ahd to put in the fuel. Where 

 the length of Walling requires two ovens, it will be 

 ' proper to have therh in the middle included in one 

 , fhed, which will fave ekpericb, arid alldwriiore room 

 to attend the firds j for in'this cafe the fheds muft be 

 at leaft ten feet long, and they need not be more than 

 fix in breadth. The ftepS down into thefe fliould be 

 at one end, fo thlt tlie door opening into the flieds will 

 not be oppofite to the mouths of the ovens, therefore 

 the fires will burn more regular; for whenever the 

 doors are contrived to frorit the mouth of the ovens,; 

 if the wind fets difeftly againft them, it will caufethe 

 fire to burn too fiercely, and the fuel will be foon con- 



fumedi ^ '^ 



Thefe ovens rriay be contrived m the fame manner a^ 

 thofe which are already defcribed for ftoves, where- 

 fore I fhall not repeat it again in this place ; but 



14 O ■ taufl: 



