W A 



bod 



n).ik.c a r.ipo, which is a falinc body, but not a fait. 

 Now oil iciclt is not diflbluble in Water ; but thead- 

 iTilxtuie of the lalt here rendering it faline, Water 

 readily dilFols^cs it. 



All the humours in the human body, are apparently 

 faline, though none of them are fait icfclf. The fame 

 may be faid of the juices of all vegetables, excepting 

 the'oils, which accordingly diflblve in Water. 

 Salts are the active inllruments of nature j and yet 

 thcfe do not act, unlefs diiToIved either by Water or 



fire. 



4, It diflblves glafs itfelf ; for this, if melted with 

 fak of tartar, becomes folublein Water. 



5. It didblves all gummous bodies ; this being part 

 of the definition of a gum, that it diffolves in Water, 

 in conrradiftinftion from a refin ; but oleamnous bo- 



WAT 



+ 



wells, 13 not agreeable to the growth of vegetables ; 

 fo_ that where large ponds are 'in the nelgiibourhood 

 of thefe gardens, from whence the Water can be led 

 into them, that is by much the beft for the growth 

 of vegetables ; next to this, river Water is to be pre- 

 ferred, efpecially from thofe rivers which run throurrh 

 or near large towns, where the Water is fattened by 

 the foil thrown into the rivers ; but the Water of 

 fome very clear rivers, is as hard as tliat from the 

 deepeft fprings, rifing through gravel or fand ; but 

 the fprings ifluing through chalk are generally much 

 ibfter. 



If good Water can be obtained in plenty from the 

 neighbourhood of the 'kitchen-garden, then there 

 Ihould be two or three bafons made in different parts 

 of the garden, fo that no part of the garden fhould be 



Water 



dies it leaves untouched ; nay, and what is more ex- J is to be carried to a coniiderable diftance, the expcnce 

 traordinary, it repels them; and by repelling, drives I of labour will be great, and there will be ereat dan- 



the. oily particles into eddies. 



Water 



ger of the plants fuffering, from their being but fpa- 

 ringly watered ; labourers being very apt to flio-ht their 



the feveral drops, which before were perfedtly dif- i v/ork, when attended with trouble, if they are not 



perfed, will foon gather together again, and leave 

 the Water alone-, To that there fliould be fome re - 

 nup-nance between Water and oil. and fome arrrnftii^n 



well looked after. The fize of thefe bafons fhould be 



Water which will be 

 required, or that they can be fupplied with, but their 



between the particles of Water, as alfo between that I depth fliould not be more than four feet ; for when 



of oil. I they are deeper, there is danger of perfons beino- 



Add, that Water feems to repel all oleaginous, fatty J drowned, if by accident they ihould fall into them^ 



bodies, wherein oil predominates ; and hence alfo it I befides Water, when verv deeo. is not fo well wnrm/^rl 



is, that the fatty parts in our bodies efcapc being dif- 

 folved by Water; and it is in all probability, by this 

 nieans, that fat is collected m the adipofe cells of all I iife of gardens. 



and tempered by the fun and air, as when it is fl^iallow ; 



Wate 



anmuls, ^ . , | In m'aking of thefe bafons, there muft be particular 



Nor does Water ^diflblve fulphur; for though you j -regard had to the natural foil of the garden, for iii 



, , - ^- loofe fandy land there will require much care in mak- 



main untouched.' . . - ' I , ing of the clay walls foas to hold Water ; but where 



^ • 



&c. 



Water 



^^ 



-1 - * 



' -- ^ 



:>'^ 



-- r- 



"• .- -. 



I - 



• ^ 



Water 



r_ 



Nor does it diflblve terrene or earthy bodies, but ra- j the ground is loamy, or inclining to clay, there will 

 ther unites and confolidates them ; as we fee in 'tiles, | be little difficulty in making bafons, and the clay walls 



need not be fo thick. "Where the ground is loofe, 



the clay walls at the bottom fliould not be leisTthan 



two feet thick, and thofe on the fides one foot and a 



half. The clay fhould be well "wrought over and 



tfod after it is taken from the pit, before it is ufed in 



building the wall. The true fign of good clay is, 



that it be clofe and firm, without any mixture of, fand, 



and that it be fat and tenacious in handling : as for 



But neither will Water alone do, as being immifcible I the colour, it is no matter whether it be green, yel- 



with oil, nor will any other fort of falts ; for fea low, blue, or red ; but before the clay is brouo-ht to 



Water, with all its falts, will never wafli out any oily I the place, the bafon fliould be dug out and formed ; 



' impurities. So, in the ordinary methods of fcouring j ' for if the clay is too long expofed to the iun and air, 



and fulling, the fluffs are waflied in ftale, putrefied, I it will not be fo fit for ufe, efpecially if it be laid in 



human urine, which is known to be a thorough alkali. I fmall parcels. " . ,. . , . ■ , 



"""'''''^' '* " The beft time of the year for making bafons, is in 



autumn when the fun is declining-, and the weather 

 temperate; for in the fpringof the year the eaft and 



on greafy wool be repelled thereby, and contributes 

 nothing towar4s cleanfing the fame ; yet mix a ftrong 

 lixivium, or an alkaline lalt with the Water, and then 

 it readily diffolves,* and abforbs all that is gfeafy and 

 oleaginous; and thus it is woollen cloths arefcoured. 



I' 



Laftly ; it does not diffolve refin, as we conceive a 

 , refin Xo bene other than an infpiffated or concentrat- 

 ed oil: - ' : - ' .:/- 



Having thus fully treated of the properties of Water [ ' north-eaft winds generally blow, which are drying; 



-'philofophically, I fliall next confider it as effentially 



neceffary in gardens for ufe, and alfo of the beauty 



^ which Water adds to gardens, where it can be obtain- 



.edin plenty, if it is properly difpofed ; and firfl of 



^its ufe. 



V 'r ^- ' *. - 





1 



In the kitchen-garden. Water is abfolutelynecefla'ry, 

 ? for without it there can be little expected ; therefore 



fubply of Wa 



■fo that the clay walls, which are not very carefully 

 covered as faft as they are made, very often crack in 

 many places -y and thefe fmall criacks often grow wider, 



■ and the Water will find a pafllige through them. The 



■ fame incohveniency happens from the violent heat of 

 - the fun in fummer ; for when the clay dries faft, it will 



'be "very difficult (not to fay impoffible) to pVeVeht 

 ■Irs cracking, and thefe will let off the Water • and 



. ter obtained for bafons or ponds, wells muft be dug; [ if the clay wall fliould not be well made af firft, it 

 ^ and where the depth to the Water is too great to be j ' will be very difficult to. mend it -after ; befides" the 



' ' • uncertainty there is in finding out the places througii ^ 



'which the Water finds a paffage, which is feldoni 



■ raifed by pumps, there muft be either machines for 

 raifing it contrived, or it muft be drawn by hand ; 



but in fuch places which arefo unhappily fuuated, as j . done without ftriftly examining every part of the 



to require machines for the raifing of Water from a 

 great depth, there is but fmall encouragement to make 



; for then conftant fupplvino: of Wa- 



clay. 



\ 



kitchen-garden 



ter m thofe dry fituations will be attended with great 



■ expence, and generally the produce of fuch land is of j' no dirt or fm'all ftones be mixed with the clay ; and 

 little worth, efpecially in dry feafons. ^ . - — 



When thcCTOund is du<y out level, where the bafon 

 is defigned, the clay muft be brought in, and laid 

 very carefully -in the bottom, being very careful that 



Wate 



wells, there (hould be a contrivance of large cifterns, 

 into which the Water Ihould be raifed, to be expofed 

 to the fjn and air fome time before it is ufed ; for 



die 



"*■ * 



Watei-. 



X' 



'-^ V 



Water 

 upon it, as it is clofely trod by mens naked feet, and 

 then it muft be rammed very clpfe y in the perform- 

 ing of this, there muft be great care taken that tytx^ 

 part of the clay is equally kneaded and rammed, 



frefli drawn from. | without which there will be great danger of the Wa- 

 ter 



»- 



t- 1 -^ 



