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5. That the barometer is always lower at Zurich than 

 at Uprninfter, by fometimes one and fometimes two 

 Enghfli inches ; but the common difference is about 

 half an inch, which may be folved either by fuppofincr 

 Zurich fituate one fourth of an inch higher'above th? 

 level of the fea than Upminfter ; or elfe by fuppofincr 

 that part of the terraqueous globe, as lying near th? 

 line, to be higher and more diftant from the center 

 than ours is, which lies nearer the pole. 



6. That the barometer generally rifes and falls toge- 

 ther at far diftant places, though this agreement*^of 

 the barometer is not fo conftant between Zurich and 

 Upminfter, and places near home^ viz. at London 

 and Paris, where again the agreement of the baro- 

 meter is not fo great, as between Upminfter and Lan- 

 caftiire. . ' ;. " : ^ 



7. That the variations of the barometer are greateft, 

 as the places are neareft the poles^ Thus, e. g. the 

 mercury at London has a greater range by two or 

 three lines than at Paris, and at Paris a greater than 

 at Zurich; in fome places near the equinodial, tliere 

 is fcarce any variation at all. 



8. That the rain in Switzerland and Italy is much 

 greater in quantity throughout the year than that in 

 Eflex ; yet the rains are more frequent, i. e. there 

 are more rainy days in Eflex, than at either of thofe 

 places. ^ .. . 



The proportion of the annual rains that fall in the fe- 

 veral places we have any good obfervations of," ttand 

 thus : at Zurich' the depth of the annual rain^ at a 

 ipedium, 'is about 32-^ inches V'atPifa43i:; at Paris 

 . 23 ; at Lifle in Flanders 234.5 at Towhly in Lanca- 

 fliire 424; at Upminfter 19^. ^ . : 



§. Tb^ cold contributes greatly to rain, and that ap- 



. PF.^?i^y? ,^y *=.o"d?PP"g the fufpended vapours, and 

 . making them delcend. Thus very cold mpnths or 

 . fc^fons are generally followed immediately' by very 

 rainy ones, and cold fumniers are always wet. 

 10. That high ridges o'f mountains^ as the Alps, and 

 the fnows they are covered withal, not only zffcit the 

 . neighbouring places by the colds, rain, vapours, &c. 

 . . they produce, but even diftant countries, as England, 

 . qfrejo partake pf their effedbs.— Thus the extraordi- 

 nary colds, December! 1708, and the relaxations 

 thereof were felt in Italy and Switzerland feveral days 

 • before they reached us. This Dr. Derjiam thinks is 

 , an indication that they were driven from them to us. 

 WILDERNESSES,' if rightly fituatea; ' artfully 

 contrived, and judicioufly planted, are very great or- 

 naments to a fine garden ; but it is rare to lee thefe 

 lb well executed in gardens as^co.uld be wifhed, nor 

 , are they often judiciouflv fituated ; for they are fre- 

 quently fo fituated as'to hinder "a diftant profpeft, or 

 elfe are not judicioufly planted; the latter of which 

 is fcarce ever to be found in any of our moft magni- 

 ficent gardens, very few of their defighefs ever ftudy- 

 ing the natural growth of trees fo as to place them in 

 fuch manner, that they may not obftru61: the fight 

 from the feveral parts of the plantation which are pre- 

 fented to the view ; I ftiall therefore briefly kt down 

 what has occurred to me from time to time, when I 

 . have confidered thefe parts of gardens, whereby a 

 pcrfon will be capable to form an idea of the true beau- 

 ties which ought always to be ftudied in the contri- 

 vance of Wilderrieflis. ' * 



1. Wildernefles ft^ould always be proportioned to the 

 extent of the gardens in which they are made, that 

 they ' may correfpond in magnitude with the other 

 parts of the garden ; for it is very ridiculous to fee a 



- large Wildernefs planted with tall trees in afmall (pot 

 of ground j and on the other hand, nothing can be 

 more abfurd, than to fee little paltry fquares, or quar- 

 ters of Wildernefs work, in a magnificent large garden. 



2. As to the fituation of Wildernefles, they ftiould 



- never be placed too near tjie habitation, becaufe the 

 great quantity of moifture which is perfpired from the 

 trees will caufe a damp linwholefome air about the 



houfe, which is often of ill gonfequcnce. Nor fhould 





they be lituafcd fo as to obflruft any diftant profpc^t 

 of the country, which ftiould always be preferved 

 wherever it can be obtained, there being nothing fo 

 agreeable to the mind as an unconHncd prafped of the 



xvithm the limits of the garden from its fituation, then 

 there is nothing fo agreeable as to terminate the pro- 

 peft, as a beautiful fcene of the various kinds of 

 trees judiciouHy planted ; and if it is fo contvried 

 that the termination is planted' circularly, with the 

 concave toward the fight, it will have a much better 

 etteCt, than if it end in ftrait lines or angles which 

 are never fo agreeable to the mind. ^ ' 



3- The trees fliould always be adapted to the fizc of 

 the plantation, for it is very abfurd to fee tall trees 

 panted m fmall fquares of a little garden ; and fo 

 Jikewife, if in large defigns are planted nothins but 

 ^alMhrubs, it will have a mean' appearance^ It 

 Ibould alfo be obferved, never to plant evergreens 

 amongll deciduous trees, but always place the ever- 

 greens in a Wildernefs, or a feparate part of the Wil- 

 dernefs by themfelves, and that chiefly in fight, be- 

 caufe thefe afford a continual pleafure both inllmimer 

 and winter, when in the latter feafon the deciduous 

 trees do not appear fo agreeable ; therefore, if the 

 borders of Wildernefs quarters are fkirted with ever- 

 greens, they will have a good efFed. 

 4. The walks muft alfo be proportioned to the fize of 

 the ground, and not make large walks in a fmall 

 Wildernefs (nor too many walks, though fmaller) 

 whereby the greateft part of the ground is employed 

 in walks ; nor fhould the grand v/alks of a laro-e Wil- 

 dernefs be too fmall, both of which are equally°faulty 

 Thefe walks fljould not be entered immediately from 

 thofe of the pleafure-garden, but rather be led into by 

 a fmall private walk, which will render it more enter- 

 taining ; or if the large walk be tutned in form of a 

 fcrpenr, fo as not to Ihew its whole extent, the mind 

 will be better pleafed, than if the who'le were to open 

 to the view. ■ r 



, The old formal method of contriving Wildernefl'es 

 was to divide the whole compafs of ground, either 

 into fquares, angles, circles, or other figures, making 

 the walks correfpondent to them, planting the fides 

 of the walks with hedges of Lime, Elm, Hornbeam, 

 &c. and the quarters within were planted with va- - 

 rious kinds of trees promifcuoufly without order ; but 

 this can by no means be efteemed a judicious method 

 / becaufe firft hereby there will ¥e a great expence in 

 keeping the hedges of a large Wildernefs' iri good or- 

 der by ftiearing them, which, inftead of beino- beau- 

 tiful, are rather the reverfe ; for as thefe parts of a 

 garden fhould, in a great meafure, be defigned from 

 nature, whatever has the ftifF appearance of art, does 

 by no meanJ correfpond therewith ; befides, thefe 

 hedges are generally trained up fo high, as to ob- 

 ftrud the fight from the ftems of the tall trees in the 

 , quarters, \yhich ought never to be done. 

 In the next place the walks are commonly made to 

 interfed each other in angles, which alfo fhew too 

 :formal and trite for fuch plantations, and are by no 

 means comparable to fuch waiks as have the appear- 

 ance of meanders or labyrinths, where the eye cannot 

 difcover more than twenty or thirty yards in length j 

 and the more thefe walks are turned, the greater plea- 

 fure they will afford. Thefe fhould now and then 

 lead into an open circular piece of Grafs, in the cen- 

 ter of which may be placed either'an obelifk, ftatue, 

 or fountain ; and if in the middle part of the Wilder- 

 nefs there be contrived a large opening, in the cen- 

 ter of which may be erefted a dome or banquetinc^- 

 houfe furrounded with a green plat of Grafs, it will be 

 a confiderable addition to the beauty of the place. 

 From the fides of the walks and openings, the trees 

 fhould rjfe gradually one above another to the middle 

 of the quarters, where fhould always be planted the 

 largeft growing trees, fo that the heads of all the trees 

 will appear to view, but their ftems will be hid, which 

 will have a vaftly different effed from the common 

 method, where the trees are planted large and fmall 



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