■ ^ 



W I 



ftru6tea. Thefe fmall quarters fhould not be furround- 



cd with hedgtfs, for the reafons before given ; nor 

 Ihould they be cut into angles, or any other ftudied 

 figures, but be defigned rather in a rural manner, 

 which is always preferable to the other, for thefe kinds 

 of pb.ntations. ' ■ '• * *• '''■- ■; 



In Wildcrnefies there is but little trouble or cxpence 

 after their Hrfl: planting, "vvhich is'ari addition to their 

 value i the' Only labour required is to mow and roll 

 the large Grafs walks, and to keep the other ground 

 walks free fVom weeds. And in the quarTers, if the 

 weeds ai'e hoed down two or three times in a fum- 

 mer, it will ftill add to'their neatnefs.'- The trees 

 fiiouldalfo be pruned to'cut'oiitall d^ad w^bod, or ir- 

 regular branches, where they crofs each other, and 

 jaft to prefcrve them within'due "bounds; and as was 



before observed, if the ground be (lightly dug between 

 the trees, if will greatly promote their vigour.- This 

 being the whole labour of a Wilderhefs, ' it is no w6n- 

 cter they are^ fo generally efteemed, efpecially when 



ccnfider the pleafure they afford. 

 W E E T WILLIAM. See Dianthus': 



I 



' t 



as he_pafres every day over the oceans, conudered to- 

 gether with the nature of the foil and fituation of the 

 adjoining continents. This has been done by Dr. 

 Halley. -^ ' ''! . '■ ^: -^^ - '• ^. 



Therefore, according to tlie laws of (latics, tlic .lir, 

 - which is kls rarefied or expanded by hear, and con- 

 • fequehtly nibfe ponderous, mult have a motion to- 

 wards thofe parts thereof which are more ratified, and 

 lefs ponderous, to bring it to an equilibrium. AUb 

 the prefence of the fun contlnuaUy fliifcing to the 

 weftward, that part to which the air tends, by reafon 

 of the rarefaction made by his greateft meridian hear, 

 ' is v;ith him' carried v.'ellward-, and confequently, the 

 tendency of the whole body of the lower air is that 



Wi 



wx 



4 - .i - 



^ -4 



WILLOW,-See^SALix.-^-^"^^ :^^^ ■ /' 



W I L L O W, the French/^- See Epilocium. ' • V 

 WIND is^deKried to Ue tHe ftream or current of the 

 air, 'tbgetlief with fuch vapours as the air^carries along 

 with itt or it is a fenfible agitation of the air, whereby 

 ^ a laro-e quantity thereof flows out of one place or re- 

 glon to another. v <--' - .•-.-i>..^ . ■* 



The ancients made but four Winds, according to the 

 four cardinal points, but this v/as quickly looked up- 

 ' on as too grofs a'divifion. - The followincr age added 



eight more to this' 

 nice a fubdividihg,' and therefore they reduced the 

 laft number to four, taking every" otTier oir middle 

 ' Wind, and adding tliemto^tKe old accbunt fbutour 

 * failors, wholre" far beyond the ancients for their fkill 

 .-■in navigation, have divided 'tlie horizon into thirty- 

 " two equal parts, addinglwenty-elgh^to the four car- 

 dinal Winds i a thing ufeful in navigation, but of no 

 crreat concern in natural philofophy, unlefs it be to 

 Sive a hint, that the Wind blows from all parts of the 

 heavens. 



which Wa^'thoueht too 



f ^~'< 



^ _ 



t ■"- 



■ife of 



-«- - *»- * 



- '^' 



g'onne philofopTicrsV as Des Cartes, Rohault, &c. ac- 

 count for the general Win^ from the diurnal rotation 

 .r .1^^- ^^^4-u ^f^A -f/Am fUic <Terieral Wind derive all 







^■# 



¥ 



I** - 



r 



the particular ones. •,',-] 



They fay, the atmofphere invefting the earth, and 

 triovin(^ round it, that' pa:rt" will perform its circuit 

 fooneft° which has the fmallell circle to defcnbe. 

 The'air therefore, near the equator, will require a fome- 

 what lono-er time to performtts coui-fe in from weft 

 to eaft t^an hca?er "the- poles ; that as the earth turns 

 eaftward, the particles of the air near the equinoaial 

 being exceeding light, are left behind, fo that in re- 

 fpeft to the ea'fth's furface, they move weftward, and 

 become a conftant eafterly Wind. ^ '---' ^f ';;";;• ^ 

 This opinion feems cdnfiniled, for that thefe Winds 

 are found orily near the equinoftial, in thofe parallels 

 of latitude, where the diurnal motion is Rvifteft, but 

 the conftant calms of the Atlantic fea, near the equa- [ 

 tor the wefterly Winds near the coaft of Guiney, and 

 the periodical wefterly Monfooris, lifider the equator 

 of the Indian fea, feemingly declare the infufficiency 



of that hypothelis. •' ' *' - " ?',• '^ "IT '"• " :' 

 Befides, the air, being kept to the earth by the prin- 

 ciple of gravity, would in time acquire the fame de- 

 •jrree of velocity, that the earth's furface moves with, 



' imprefied upon all the air of a vail ocean, the parts 



-;iflipelone the other, and fo keep'moving till the next 



•': return of the fun ■, whereby fo much of t.he motion as 



(iwas loft, is again reftorecl, and thus the eafterly Wind 



;.:iis''made perpetual. ' ' " - * i '■' .■■••■.-'•! ■-■"OfV'-.t, \ 



■ From the fame principle it follows, that the eafterly 

 -'* Wind ihould, on the north fide of the equator, be to 

 the northward of the eaft ^ and in fouch latitudes, to 

 the fouthward thereof; for near the line the air is 

 >■ much more rarefied, than at a greater diftance from 

 it ;. becaufe the fun is twice in a year vertical there, 

 ■-and at no timediftant above twenty-three degrees one 

 :i half ;'at which diftance the heat being at the fine of 

 f; the ang;le of incidence, is but little fliortof that of the 

 ''r;j)erpendicular ray ; whereas, under the tropics, tho* 

 '■■- the fun ftay long vertical, yet he is along forty-fevea 

 degrees off-, which is a kind of winter, wherein the 

 air fo cools, as that the fummer heat cannot warm in 

 si to the fame degree with that under the equator. 

 Wherefore the air rov/ards the northward and fouth- 

 I'^ard being lefs rarefied than that in the middle, ic 

 ^i' follows, that from both fides it ought to tend towards 

 -■ the equator.^ This motion^ compounded with the 

 : former eafterly Wind, anfwers all the phasnomena of 

 V the general trade Winds ; which, if the whole furface 

 J of the globe were fea*, would undoubtedly blow all 

 ".- round the world, as they are found to do in the Atlan- 

 ^ tic and Ethiopic oceans. 



.- But feeing fo great continents interpofcs and break 

 the continuity of the oceans, regard muft be had to 

 the nature or the foil, and the pofition of the" high 



mountains, which are the tv/o principal caufes of the 

 ^-feveral variations of the Wind from the former ge- 



^.neral rule; for if a country; lying near the fun, 



-.'prove to be flat, fandy, and low land, fuch as the 



defarts of Lybia are ufually reported to be, the hear 



occafioncd by the refleftion of the fun's beams, and 



:. the retention thereof in the fand, is incredible to thofe 



t .who have not fek It ; whereby the air being exceed- 



.'■ ingly rarefied, it is neceflary, that this cooler and 



:' more denfe air fliould run thitherwards to reftore the 





of the 



as well in refpeft of the diurnal rotation _ 



annual about the fun, which is about thirty minutes 



Iwiiter. ^^?;- ' ,- • t r 



It remains^therefore to fubftitute fome other caufe, 

 capable of producing a like conftant effeft ; not lia- 

 ble to the fame objeftioas, but agreeable to the known 

 properties of the elements of air and water, and the 



laws of the m6tion of fluid bodies •, fuch an one is 

 the adion of the fun's beams upon the air and water, 



•equilibrium. ;_ -" ■■ 



j /..This is fuppofed to be the caufe, why,, near the coaft 



* of Guiney, tHe Wind always fets in upon the land, 

 blowing wefterly inftead of eafterly ; there being fufti- 



-licient reafon to believe, that the inland parts of Africa 



are prodigioufly hot, fince the northern borders there- 



? of were fo intemperate, as to give the ancients caufe 



'toconclud'e, that all beyond the tropics was uninha- 



■ bitable by excefs of hear. '■■ ** ■ ■; ' '' \ ' ■' • 



.•From the fame caufe it happens, that there are fo 



■ conftant calms in that part of the ocean called the 



- Rains ; for this traft being placed in the middle, be-^ 



,: tween the wefterly Winds blowing on the coaft of 



' Guiney, and the eafterly trade Winds blowing to the 



weftward thereof, the tendency of the air here is in- 



• different to either, and lb ftands in asquilibrio between 

 both ; and the weight of the incumbeht'atmofphere 

 being diminifhed by the connnual contrary Winds 

 blowing from hence, is the reafon that the air here 



^ holds n°t the copious vapciur it receives, but Lets ic 



, fall in frequent rains. / -; 



But as the cool and denfe air, by reafon of the great- 



• er gravity, prefiTcs upon the hoc rarefied, it is demon- 



•' . - -ftrativc, 



\. - 



* ' . ' * 



