w 



N 



W 



N 



Secondly, a.s to the fouth-wcfl* Winds ; when the 

 Wind has been in the north for two months or more, 

 and conies to the fouch, there are ufually three or four 

 fair days at firft, and then, on the fourth or fifth day 

 comes rain, or elfe the Wind turns north, and con- 

 tinues dry ftill ; if within a day or two, without rain, 

 it return to the fouth, and with rain turn northward, 

 and return into the fouth the firfl or fecond day, as 

 before, two or three times together after this manner, 

 then it is like to be in the fouth or fouth-weft two or 

 three months together, for the moft part, as it was in 

 the north before. The Wind will finifh thefe turns 

 in a fortnight. 



He does not mention the eaft or weft Winds, becaufe 

 he fays, the rains ufually come from the fouth, or in 

 Ihifting of the Wind from the fouth to the north ; as 

 for the drought, the Wind is, for the moft part, 

 Borth-eaft. 



•- 



The Wind ufually turns from the north to the fouth 

 quietly without rain ; but comes back again into the 

 north, witli a ftrong Wind and rain. The greateft 

 Winds which blow down houfes and trees, ufually 





come by the turning of the Wind out of the fouth by 

 the weft into the north, which drives away rain, and 

 clears the air. 



Signs of the changing bf the Wind, 



F 



Mr. Pointer fays, in what point foever the Wind is, 

 when the fun rifcs with miany pale fpots appearing in 

 its orb, and part of it hid in a cloud, it will foon turn 

 to the fouth. 



cover a Wind, tliat otherwife wc do not feel ; and 

 the flcxuous burnuig of t^amcs fticws the air is bcoia- 

 ning to be unquiet ^ and in like manner coals of Hrc 

 by cafting off the afhes more than ufual ; and as for 

 the aflies, it is not to be admired at, if the Wind \\\\. 

 perceived ftiake them off •, for it is a common thin^r 

 to try which way the Wind blows, by throwinrr up 

 Grafs, chaff, or fuch like things, into the air. 



Signs of the Wind's ceqfmg. 



If a hafty fhower of rain falls, when the Wind haa 

 raged for fome hours, it foon abates. 

 If water ruckles much, arid frequent bubbles 

 the ftorm is but of a fhort continuance. 



If fparrows chirp merrily, and moles come outof t!>cir 



holes, it is a fign of the ftorm ceafinpr. 



If the bird called king's-fillier, or halcyon, attempts 



the feas when the Wind blov^^s hard, it is a fign of ics 



abating. 



Of WINE S, dnd vinous liquors. 



anie 



- 1 



WINE is a brifl<, agreeable, and fpirituous juice, 

 drawn from vegetable bodies, and fermented. 

 Dr. Boerhaave charaderizes Vv'ine, that the firft 

 thing that it affords by diftillation, be a thin fart 



f ' 



Wind 



hours or more, in any of the full points, as north, 

 eaft, w^eft, or fouth, when it begins to turn, it will 

 not fettle till it comes to thc'Cppofite point, as from 



' the north to the fouth, and fo from full eaft to full 



"'weft ; and fo of the angular points as from the north- 

 eaft, to the fouth-weft. , . 



^ Upon whatfoever quarter the Wind is when the moon 

 changes, it prefently changes upon the new moon. 



; "When the generality of the clouds t^ck with the Wind 

 (thoiigK there Aould be "many iittle fleeces,. or long 

 flakes," lying higKer) the Wind is fTagging,'^ ^ 

 changefoon, and ftiift its point.. ^ -.:;.:/ " 



inflammable, &c. fluid, called a fpirit ; and in this 

 it is diftinguiflied from another clafs of fermented ve- 

 getable juices ; viz. vinegars, which, infteadoffucU 

 fpirit, yield for the firft thing an acid, umnfiamn]able 

 matter. ■ . . .- -. 



-■ J 



In order to the making Wines, it will be of great ad- 

 vantage to be well acquainted with the bufincfs of 

 fermentation. . This Dr. Boerhaave defines and ex-' 





•*-!■■ •- 



plains as follows : 

 Fermentation is a change produced in vegetable bo- 

 dies, by means of an intefdne motion excited therein; 

 the effeft whereof is this, that the part which firft 

 rifes from them in diftillation, Is either a thin^ fat, 

 acrid, hot, tranfparent, volatile,' and' inflammixble 



'¥ 



■iTi. 



figns of Winds and /, 



-L^ 



'\ 



■, fluid,, that will mix with i<^ater;^ef elfe a thin, acid, 

 ^^^pellucid, lefs volatile, uninflammable litiuor, capable 

 v..9f extinguifliing fire. '•.'..'' 



- The liquor, obtained by means of fc.'rmentatiori, Is 

 called thin, becaufe none appears to be thinner than 

 ::,Xh^, fpirit of fermented vegetables ; acid, becaifft' it 

 ; ?l6^s almoft. like fire, when ^ applied to the tongue, ^ 

 i.5r..Qlher: parts, of the body r Vol^t^l<^> becaufe there 



■ 1 



_ If pale fpots feem to appear in the orb of the fun at I ^..appears |;o be no. liquor, that ijs 



Wind 



ifed with greater 



**V'- 



, .cale ; but it is this liquor being totally inflammable, 



i-?nd atthe fs^me time capable of mixing with water, 



' i^. that, ultimately diftinguilhes fermentation from all 



j^ 



fouth will enfue ; the Wind foon Ihifting into that 



f^bint, in what quarter foever it was before J '^-.v^^^ 



jr tnere appear upon the lun when he is fetting, fiery I :, t)ther operations in nature j for neither putrefaftion. 



_ . .. .Wind^^ ^.„, 



'..and a louring morning is frequently V fore-runner of 



. Wind 





t ' « 



\ 



^'jdigeftion, effervefcence, or any thing of that kind, 

 • ,.;will ever afford a liquor at once poiTeffed of thofe 

 . ^^, ........ , /qualities. . '>siA^^^*.-'^.rr m .^j, i-i-;^^r;sr^- 



it the moon, when at full, has a reddifti circle about I - rutrefadiqn, indeed, as well as fermentation, is per- 



^~" ~2~~ " ; v^ fp/med by means of an inteftine mcnon ;' but the fpr- 



Whgi„ meteors, or as they are commonly calledj, ftars, | ' mer will never produce either of the liquors above (3e- 

 ihootj, and fp.read a long trlB of ligh't^ they are fore- [ ; . fcribed, as the eifefts of fermentation ; i. e. "neither a 



i '-^.vinous nor acetous Tiquor/: vnrv; it:<prt::?^ f ' * 

 ■ -.We fee tKen, tliat there ait two'difierent elTcfls of 

 fermentation, the production of an infiammable fpirit. 



Wind 



-F 



»'' 





^;;TheLor4 Bacon fays, : the folTowih^^^^ 

 ' of higK Winds or tempeftsarifing." 



\.., > 



When 



S '^~ 



>."J 





refounds upon the fhore, when the [ ■ and an uninflammable acid v and whatever operation 



tijwill afford neithe/of thefe liquors, is improperly call- 

 , ed fermentation, which therefore can only take place 



in the vegetable kingdom ; for all t!ie art in the world, ■ 



. fo far as hitherto appears, v/ill never 'gain fuch fpirits 



from animals or foffils ^ and confequcndy never excite 



.an aftual and real fermentation in them ; for fermen- 



.: tation is the fingle operadon in nature, by whicli fuch 



Winds 



Wind, they portend that Wind will follow ; for fuch 

 Winds, breathing chiefly put of the earth, are not 

 firft perceived, except they are pent by water or wood, 

 and therefore a murmur out of the caves likcwife obr- 



as much. -■ - . 



V, 



When the brightnefs of the fmaller ftars is on a fud- 

 denobfcured, it is a fign of a tempeft arifing, for the 

 upper regions of the air perceive the matter of the 

 colleftion of tempefts and Winds, before the air here 

 below ; thei-efore the obfcuring of the fmaller ftars is 

 a hgn of tempeft following, ; 

 He fays, the a1r and "fire hayc 

 the rifing Winds, before men.' 

 ■We mav nerceive theVrpmWm, 



i. 



' a- i '"h 't' 



^*-rf 





fpirits can be obtained. . 



.2. Any vegetable liquor fo fermented, as to aftorcl the 



inflammable fpirit above-mentioned, for the firft 



/.thing in diftillation, we call Wine ; but if the liquor 



; ;be fo fermented', as firft to* afford the acid linlnfiamma- 



n b'e one, it is called vinegar ; by which we mean every 



-*;,thin, a:id, volatile, vegetable liquor, capable of t]Xtfn- 



: guifhing fire. So likevvife, under the nan^e of Wine, 



' K ' 



"m 



WC 



>v- 



^ 



t ^ 



« 



' r 



' . 



