w 



N 



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To correfl ranknefs, cagcrncfs, and pricking of facks, 

 and orhcr fwccc Wines, they rake twenty or thirty of 

 the whicetl Htne (lones, and fliickthem in a gallon ot 



fome mure Wine and Icir 



ftair ; 



tiu 



Win 





tl-.cn thev add 



or 



fa 



I'his 



conllitution, and meagre 



them together in a half tub, \v:ch a parel!in< 



next thc^ pour t!us n^iixture into the hoglhead, and 



liaving again ufed the parelling inllrument, leave the 



V/ine ro fettle, and then rack it. 



Wine may probably be no ill drink for grofs 

 bodies, and rheumatic pains; but injurious to good 

 fellows of a hot and dry 



habit3. 



Againll the pricking of French Wines they prefcribe 

 this eafy and cheap compofition : take of the powder 

 of Flanders tile one pound, ofrocheallum half a 

 pound-, mix them and beat them well, with a conve- 

 nient quantity of Wine -, then put them into the hogf- 



head, as the former. 



When their F^henifliWines prick, they firfl rack them 

 oft into a clean and ftrongly-lcented caHc or vat, 

 then they add to the Wine eight or ten gallons of 

 clarified honey, w'ith a gallon or two of fkim-milk ; 

 and beating all together, leave them to fettle. 

 Sometimes it happens, that claret lofes much of its 



and in fuch cafe 



Yv iien facks begin to languiOi (which doth not ofce^i 



happen, efpecially in this ci-y, where it is drank in 



plenty;) they refrclli them with a cordial fyrup, nude 



of moft generous Wine, fugar, and fpices. 



For Rhenifii and white Wines, a fmiple decoftion of 



Raifinsof the fun, and a ilrong -fcented calk, uluall/ 



ferve the turn. 



For claret inclining to a confumption, they prefcribe 



a new and richer lee, and the fnavings of Fir wood 



that the Ipirit being recruited by the additional 1 



ee, 





brifl-.nefs and piciuantneis -, 



they 



rack it upon a good lee of red Wine, ■ and put into it 

 a gallon of Sloes or Bullace, which, after a little fer- 

 mentation and reft, makes the Wine drink brifk and 



rough. 



To meliorate the tafte of hungry and too eager white 

 Wines ; they draw off three or four gallons of it, and 

 infufing therein as many pounds of Malaga Raifins 

 Honed, and bruifed in a ilone mortar, till the Wine 



h 

 (w 



a 



as fufficiently imbibed their fwectnefs and tinfture 

 vhich it v/ill do in a day's time,) they run it through 

 n hippocras bag ; then put it into a frefh cafk well 

 fcented, together with the whole remainder of the 

 Wine in the hogfliead, and fo leave it to fine. 

 :To help {linking Wines, the general remedy is rack- 

 ing them from their old and corrupt lee; befides 

 which, fome give them a fragrant fmell or flavour, 

 by hanging in them little bags of fpices, fuch as Gin- 

 ger, Zedoary, Cloves, Cinnamon, Orris-roots, Cu- 

 Jbebs^ Grains of Paradife, Spikenard, and other aro- 





tmncs: -y- T^ O 



if^ 



• ' _- 



.^ 



:a 



I 



.. * '-< 



-\* 





UI 



i. 



^ 4 



.> -> 



> *. ., i- ---- 



Others boil fome of thefe fpices in a pottle of good 

 found Wine of ^ the fanie fort^'^and tun up'the de- 



coction hot. />* - . ■ ■ '■ '" . •: 



.Others correct the ill favour of rank-leed French Wine 



— t 



may be kept from exhaling by the unftuous fpirit of 

 tl)e turpentine. 



This artifice is ufed in Paris in the moft delicate and 

 thin-bodied Wines in France, and is very probably 

 the caufe of that exceeding dulnefs and pain of the 

 head, which always attends debauches with fuch 

 Wines. 



Nor is it a modern invention, but well known to, and 

 frequently ufed by the Romans, in the time of their 

 greatefc wealth and luxury ; for Pliny (Flift. Nat. lib. 

 14. cap. 2.) takes fingular notice of the cuilom of the 

 Italian vintners, in mixing with their Wines turpen- 

 tine of feveral forts. 



The Grecians long before had their Vina Picata and 

 Refinata, as is evident by the commendation of fuch 

 Wines by^ Plutarch, and the preicription of them to 

 v/omen, in fome cafes by Hippocrates, and they were 

 fo much delighted with their Vinum Piflltes, that they 

 confecrated the Pitch-tree to Bacchus ; but } Ihall 

 next take fome notice of the more difingenuous prac- 

 tices of vintners in the tranfmutation or Ibphiftication, 

 which they call trickings or compalTings. 

 They transform poor Rochelle and Cogniac white 

 Wines into Rhenifli ; Rhenifli into fack ; tht lags of 

 facie and malmfeys into mufcadels. 

 They counterfeit RafpieWine with Fleur-de-Iys roots; 

 Verdea with decodions of Raifins ; they fell decayed 

 Xeres, vulgarly Sherry, for Lufenna'Wine-, in all 

 thefe impoftures deluding tlie palate fo nearly, that 

 few are able to difcern the fraud, and keeping, thefe 

 Arcana fo clofe, that few can come to the knowledge 

 of them. 



''*; .^> 



As for their metamorpholis of white into claret, hy 



dafliing it with red, nothing is more:'comfn6nIy either 

 done or' 





with only a few Cinnamon canes hung in thcnr. ... 



Others again, for the fame purpofe, ufe Elder flowers I <■ ly fccntfed, then give it the 'white parell ; put into it 



"For their converfioh of white into Rhenifli, they have 

 ,' feveral' artifices to effedl it, among which this is th^ 



- moffuTualr': -^ .^ 

 They take a hogfliead of Rochelle, or Cogniac, or 

 1 jNantz white Wine; rack it^ into a frefli calkfl:fong- 



and tops of Lavender. 



/J 



> - ■ 



h '* 





'., eight 'of ten gallons of clarified honey, or forty pounds 



Having thus run over the vintners difpenfatory, 'ind | ^;.!ofr:coarfe fugar, and, beating it well, leave it to 



clarify.* 





« ^ 



defcribed many of their principal receipts or'Tecrets, 

 for the curd of the acute difeafcs of Wine, we fhall 

 come to theTourth head, which contains medicaments [ ;'Xtimes add the decodtion of -tlie yellow Clary flowers. 



.To give this mixture a delicate flavour, theyfome- 



c prof3erfor their chronic diflrempersf-,. yiz, Jofs of ipi- 

 ^^rits, ahdldecay of llrength/tit?Hii^^-;^tt:;a 



:.' :J'^aXi-k'^ 



« 



':..'■ Concerning thefcj" therefore,^ it is obfervable,' that as 



pi-. Galitricum, of which drugs there is an incredible 

 "quantity ufed every year at Dort; where the ftaple of 

 ;Rhenifli Wines was 5 and this is t;hat drink with which 

 the Englifii ladies were wont to be fo delighted, under 

 the fpecious name of Rhenifh in the inuft> ^" ""' " 



when Wines are in preternatural commotions, from 



. an excefs and predomination of their fulphureous parts, 

 the grand medicine is, to rack them from their lees, 



r=foon the contrary, when they decline, and tend to- 

 wards palling, by reafon of the fcarcity of their fpirits 



^^ and fulphur, the mofl; eflfedual prefcrvative is to rack 



them i:rpon other lees, richer and ftronger than their _ . _., . 



ov/n; that being from thepce fupplied with the new [ ' 'Sack is made of Rheniftiy'eitherby afl:rong3ecb(5lion 



i]: fpirits, they may acquire fomewhat more of vigour 

 -.: and quicknefs. 



The manner of making adulterate bafl;ardjs thus :' 

 Take four gallons of white Wine;' three gallons of old 

 Canary, five pounds of bafl:ard fyrup v beat thcrn well 

 together, put them into^a clean rundlet well fcented, 

 and give them time to fine:r ' '. v^r 



r 



ii( * 





of Malaga 





fpices. 



. Raifins, or by a fyrup of fack, . fugar, and 



Mufcadel IS fophiflicated vvith the lags Oi 



fack 



or 



-I fay, prefervadve; becaufe there is, in truth, no re- 



:.:ftonng of Wines after they are perfectly palled and I ' malirifey thus: 



dead, for nothing that is pafl: perfedtion, and hath f They diflfolve it in a convenient quantity of Rofe wa- 



run its natural race once: can receive much amend- I ter, of muflc two ounces, \of calanius aromaticus 



ment. 



1 - 



v: * 



c i 



' * 



H ->.^ 



powdered one ounce, of Coriander beaten half an 

 But befides reinforcing of impoveriflied Wines, by I '■ ounce; and while^ this infufion is yet warm, they put, 

 new and more generous Jees, there are fundry con- [ it into a rundlet of old fack or malmfey, and this they 

 fe61:i6ns, by which alfo, as by cordials, the languifli- | ' call a flavour formufcadek; 

 ing fpirits of many of them may be fufl:ained, and, 

 to fome degree, recruited, of whiqh the following 

 examples. '■■ .^■:C^ '' 



H » i- ' ' ■ 



D 





»- 



There are many other ways of adulterating "Wines in 

 this city; but becaufe they all tend to the above- 

 mentioned alterations, and are not fo general, I ftiall 



pafs 



— v« 



* - 



■i 





-■■■< 



_ r 



