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pofe three bodies of timber work, clofely joined to the I the fquare fupporters ; the fpace left between the ma- 

 axis, which fcrves as a fwing, whereby it may be j fonry they do not fill up, that the beams may bepre- 



ferved from rotting, and that, if occafion be, they 

 may go down into the pit. The beams ought to be 

 laid in fuch a manner, that th(?ir fides may occupy 

 the middle of the bafon, and they fhould incline two 

 inches beyond itj the front and fides mufl be made 

 fmooth and even, but the back and tops muft be left 



moved by the vice. 



Th^ great Prcffes are thirty or thirty-three feet long, 



and twelve or fixtcen v/ide. To make one of thefe 

 machines, they firll dig a pit in the ground about four 

 feet deep, and fixteen feet fquare, in the moft com- 

 modious place where the Prefs is defigned. In the 



middle of this hollow they build a fmali pile of ma- rough j they make a-top, under the pieces of maye 

 fonry the whole length, for a foundation, two feet a ledge of two or three inches, for fupport to the 

 thick, and three i^tt high, in fuch a manner, as to 



carriage 



the top of the beams is joined v/ith a crofs 

 have only one foot below the furface of the ground ; I beam, under which is a fpindle fupported by adiao-o- 

 then they make a parallel wall, to furround the Prefs nal beam, on which all the force and refiftance of ?he 

 from theright to the left, to the extremity of the pit, -- - • 

 at an equal diftancefrom the pile in the middle, for 

 fupporting feme of the timbers, and to prevent the 



from faliiner down into the " ^^ 



from theright to the left, to the extremity of the pit, Prefs bears ; this diagonal beam fhould be clofelv 



, ^'n ._ r _„ .T_ . „M. r-. .T_ !jji. r_ faftcncd with nails and girders under the headsof the 



beams. 



earth trom taiiuig clown into tne pit. The fpace 

 between thefe three little 'walls of three feet depth, 



In the middle of the other fide of the bafan, 

 they put upon the ground plate, between the ends of 



the ftillings. two falfe beams a lirrle d\^^\yce fmm f-K^ 



is necefiary to give air to the wood, to prevent its { true ones, becaufc it is on this fide that the axle tree 



5s" notched to receive the beams, to prevent their re- 



rottmg. 



The 



wall, which ought to be from the fides of the 



J- 



back 



beam.s 



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falfe beams ; they fuftain thefe with four crofs pieces 

 left of the Prefs, according to the greateft convenien- I ' or ftrong jambs, two on the front, and two on the 



which may be placed from the right to the 



cy of the place,) (hould be deeper than the hollow of 

 the beams, which fhall be explained hereafter; and 

 that v^'hich is contrived on the bent fide of the beams, 

 fhould be thicker than the fquare of the bafon, which 

 will be more eafily comprehended by what follows. 

 Upon the little wall of the middle, they lay a piece 

 of timber lengthwife, v/hich they call a falfe Hilling -, 

 upon this, to the fide of the hollow beams, they place 

 a ground plate, which is fupported by another pile of 

 mafonry, which is joined clofe to the beams, and the 

 piles which they crofs ; all thefe pieces fliould be laid 

 level, in order to fupport four fl:iUings, which are 



placed acrofsthem at an equal diftance. Thefe pieces j; .' aiiB they fuftain^^^^ the bottom with two 



ought to extend beyond the wall olF the bafon, on the ' ' ""'^^ i^:-^--- -;„-'^t\:!„ r i^ v vt -v ^ • 



fide of the beams, about three feet, and be laid upon 

 the piles,' to hinder "the:m froni fifing { there mtift al- 

 ways be allowed a declivity of three -dr four inches 

 from the front to the four. fl;illings, in order to faci- 

 litate the dtainirig'of the wine into the cafk, which 

 ftiduld be placed niider th6 middle, in the fore part of 



: the bafon, to receive' it frbrrt theTide where the holes 



• are bored. 



fides, which abut againfl them, and keep" them in . 

 their places; thefe crofs pieces are borne by the 

 ground plate and the polls, and let in at the other end 

 juft to the middle of the falfe beams ; thefe ought to 

 be bored about four feet high, that the moving pins 

 may be put in therefor the 'beam to reft upon ; thefe 

 falfe beams ftiould have holes at the bottonis, Iro re- 

 ceive the wooden pegs, which crofs the grouridplate, 

 and are cut to half their thicknefs, that they may be 

 capable to enter the notches, and be joined' Vith keys ' 

 and pins where they crofs the falfe beams; .they like- 

 wife bind thefe beams at the ton with a crofs beam. 



pieces on 



tK 



are 



ted 









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They afterwards place upon thefe four ftillings,*crols 

 the bafon of the Prefs, fpme pieces of Wood called 

 maye; thefe fhould have their tops level with the 

 top of the ftillings, and ought to be cut in notches 

 ' of four inches in length on both fides the 



= receiving the m^ye in fucli a mapner,' that they ifiay 

 •be faf^enpd po each fide., with wedg^^, after havfifg 



put in the middle ^^of the joints pbttefs-^arth and 

 Mofs. to preventj:ne wlric^f^^ getting' our Ir the 



placed upon the polts> whicl^ are joi 

 : ground plate by "rcfove^^^ borne up hori- 



zontally by a fmall piece of mafonry of their own 

 .. iize, which IS chiefly hid in the ground: there mufl: 

 alio be ori each ndealarge crofs piece to crofs the 

 Bafohi ' which binds together the falfe bearris witK the 

 \'true,' both before and behind; thefe they faften to 

 |. the top of the beams, allowing them a foot and a half 



^^clivity to the place where they are mortifed into the 

 ^ falle beams. : ^: ' . . ' - / ■: ;^ )/.:^:\, 



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'-(^reYlces;' thefe pieces of ipaye a,re fimply joined tb- 



jjgettier without fillets or notches, that, they may the 



' better clofe thefwo enids.tb the niid^le of tlj^^^ quoins 



their whole length, betweea t^^^ the fide 



of the 1 aft pieces of maye';''thefe pieces ..Ihould be 



' raifed in the middle witli a ridge,^ to make a gutter in 



each joint, to^facilitate the draining of the ,wine j they 



' alfo make for thefimc purpofe, a ridge of furjrow all 



^ round the^extremity of the pieces of ma^^ 



They alfo make in the grbund^ ori the fide of the 

 falfe beams, ten feet fronV the "E^al^ a 'pit "twelve 

 feet deCD. and t^h Teet fauar^V'to pTac?^' the two 



fquard, 



P 



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f' fated by the &reat ehds, aBout two feet aBovelhe lur- 

 ^ face of the ground, m fuch a rtianner, that me icrew 



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thefe "^muft be 



'joined ^t bottom tb'the piles by a ftmrig' dbve-tail, 



*' and the^niles ioined with brareVv 'atid rie^f 'the Mnl 



jand the* piles joined with braces^i^'ahd rfedif the'top. 



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n 



they 



In the place appointed for the beams,^ on the right or 

 left or the l>afon, they nfiake a hole hiSL enough to 

 ereft a framVo: 



k 



* bound with girdei's and pins, td ^eep them afundcr, 

 -^ and prevent their parting!' 7 The fpace between the 

 '* blocks ind the piles jnult be filled, up with earth, 

 1^; -which flibuld be well rammed^ thefd: girders fhould. 

 ■'Vbe, let in- feveh' or eight inches to the body of the 



~ In the middle of the sirders there fhould be a hole 



I 



twel veTeet deep, eight long. 



Iqrewi'which'ili 



e defcend per- 



*■ * . 



which fupppfts the^bafonf -fe^ there niftead of one 

 fide of the wall to thebeamsl, wTfii^ 



the ground' at the BottorfT of the Taid frame, "twelve 

 teet deep, and are fifteen or fixteen feet above the 

 level of thfe ground ; tHefe they' join with the piles 

 .which crqfs them," lipon 'which they put the beams, 

 which ^re all jpined by cramps of wood, except the 

 1#, to which the ftillings ferve iriftead of braces. 

 They afteiwards creft the mafonry, Tn which they 

 inclofe the ends of the piles, as alfo thofe of the braces. 



|^;l pendicillarly,' and whicliis rounded to this place, and 

 Kvlefirenedto'a third part of its thicknefs i^ and a foot 



th 



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to the fcrew 



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fupport, from bottom to top, in a Hope, tor a reft 



^ihould, be on thjs^rail a plate or 

 iron, and an axis to the fcrev^^^^^^^^ its play; the 

 fcrew muft^be twelve feet long, ^ and thirteen inches 

 thick at the tc^'rthe fcr^^^^ or the extrcmin^ of 

 the fpiral line, ought to Se three inches and a naif, ' 

 and. fhould forman exaS ifquare ; the fcrew fhould 

 pafs crofs a wlieel,,wfiich is placed three feet from 



f 



and which in this place 



!^ ^^'^I^!!?!-^!^ "^ froin rifingv thefe {^ilcs ought | J ^ fhouH befquare,-and about an inch and a half of its 



^^,^j^^^^^ pared off for the play of the wheel ; tliis 



i^ich 

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