woo 



w o o 



It pcrfonswho have eftates would be careful to niirfcf But where perions plant copfes upon land free froni 



up trees in their hedge rows, it would in cime become 

 a fortune to their fucccffors, as liereby the timber 

 growing in the hedges may be worth more than the 

 Ireehold of the eftate, which has often been the cafe 

 with eftates, from which their pofTeflbrs have cut down 

 timber for fortunes for their younger children ; the 

 frequency of this Ihould encourage perfons to be a 

 little more attentive to the growth and prefervation of 

 young Woods, fince the expence and trouble is not 

 great, and the future profit very certain ; befides, the 

 pleafure of feeing trees of a man's own fowing make 

 yearly advances, muft be very great to thofe who have 

 any relifli for country amufements. 

 There arc feveral perfons who plant copfes for cutting 

 every ten or twelve years, according to their growth. 

 Thefe are ufually planted in autumn, either with ftools 

 or young plants, which are drawn out of the Woods ; 

 the latter Ihould always be preferred to the former. 

 Thefe copfes are commonly planted with feveral forts 

 of trees, as Oak, Beech, Cheftnut, Afh, Birch, Wil- 

 low, &c. but the Afh and Cheftnut are the moft: pro- 

 fitable, where they grow kindly, becaufe the poles of 

 Afli are very valuable ; thefe alfo are good for hoops, 

 fo that there is no danger of having fale for thefe copfe 

 Woods when they are fit for cutting ; but where the 

 copfes are intended to remain, there fhould be no 

 ftandard-trees left for timber; becaufe as the heads of 

 the trees fpread, and overtop the under Wood, it will 

 caufe that to decay ; and where the ftandards are left 

 upon the ftumps of the copfe Wood, they will never 

 ' grow to a large fize, nor will, the timber be fo valu- 

 able as that produced immediately from a young root ; 

 therefore whoever will make the experiment, will be 



convinced, that it is more for the advantage, of both, 

 to keep them in diftinft Woods. ' 



trees, i: will be the better method to fow the feeds 

 efpecially if Cheftnut, Oak or Beech, are the trees 

 intended ; for although it is a prevailing opinion with 

 the generality of perfons, that by planting thev fave 

 time, yet 1 am fure of the contrary ; for if the' feed- 

 ling plants are kept clear from weeds, they will in 

 eight or ten years out-grow thofe which are planted, 

 and thefe unmoved copfes will continue much lon<^cr 

 in vigour than the other ; fo that for either timber or 

 copfe Wood, the beft method is to prepare the ground 

 well, and fecure the fences, and fow the feeds, which 

 is fo far from lofing, that in twenty years it will be 

 found to gain time, which is what every planter wilhes 

 to do. 



The ufual time of felling timber is from November to 

 Februar)', at which time the fap in the trees is hard- 

 ened ; for when the fap is flowing in the trees, if they 

 are cut down, the worm will take the timber, and 

 caufe it to decay very foon ; therefore if the durable- 

 nefs of the timber is confidered, the trees fhould al- 

 ways be cut in the winter months ; but as the bark of 

 the Oak is fo valuable for tanning leather, there has 

 been a law palTed, to oblig^ perfons to cut thefe trees 

 during the fpring feafon, when the bark will readily 

 peel off; by which the timber is rendered unfit for 

 building cither fhips or houfes, as it will be very fub- 

 je6t to caft, rift, or twine, and the worm will foon take 

 it ; therefore it would be more for the public bene- 

 fit, if a law were enadted, to oblige every perfon to 

 ftrip off the bark of fuch trees as are defigned to be 

 cut down in the fpring, leaving the trees with their 

 branches ftanding till the following winter, which will 



be found to anfwer both purpofes well. 



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ANTHIXJIyl, TQU}-i}...Iflll.R,H.438. tab. 



Pi;|M. 937. t-fiflfer PiJccJock. 



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^^a The.epARACT6Rs,§i;e»::; 





/^t?/^ iWiiZ? and female flowers opth. f^ 

 ? male flowers have a common fcaly empalmeni 

 pofed of feveral tubulous funnel-fbaped fli 





are 



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flve fegmentsjai the topy and^bave eacbflv^ijjeryfi 



ere ; tbey^ ane iUfJjfto \ ^ PricM^ Burdock, r . 



: z:thiunl^'witb m unarmed ft alk^ and oval wedge-Jhaped • 

 ^ leaves^ having abnoft three lobes^ Xanthium majus Ca- 



i nadenfei H. L. 635, Greateft Canada £//rM^.:- Jir.: 

 3. Xanthium {Spinofum) fpinis ternatis. Hort. UpfaL 

 , -': 2S3. Portugal Xanthium with triple /i&d?r;?j.- ^Xanthium 

 \ Lufitanicum fpinofum. Pluk. Aim. 206.' Portugal 





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4. Xanthium {Chinenfe) caulc inermi ramofa, aculeis 



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fldminaj hut ihey are fufceedtd by. 



mmitjj.JXhQ female \ k frudibus creftis bngiffimis. China Xanthium with an 

 hy pairs \ they. h(we I z. unarmed branching ft alk^ and the fpines of thi "fruiP 



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feedy convex on one fidi 



<>This genus is ranged in Dr. Linnseus's firft fe<5Uon 

 . of his twenty-firft: clafe, which cont^ins^the plapts 

 ^,;which have feparate' male and female.; flowci^j^ and 

 . the male flowers have five ftamina.: 

 -. -i-The Species are,'. :^ 





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\ very long and upright. ' - V- :*•:%!*: : 

 - Tl>e firft fort grows naturally in Europe, and alio in 

 India, from whence I have received the feeds ; k has 

 been found growing wild in a few places in England, 

 but of late years it has riot been feen in thofe places. 

 I djd once fee it growing in the road near Dulwich 

 College. The ftalk of this plant is round, and has 

 many black fpots; it rifes in good ground two fee c 

 high, fending out a few fide branches. The leaves 



ft alky and heart-fhaped leaves having three veins. Xan 

 thium five Lappa minor. J. B. ^. sj'^.. Lejf^ Burdock 



. X^^THim ICdnadenfe) cdLulc inermi, foliiscuneifor 

 mi-ovatis fubtrilobis, Lin. Sp. 1400. Canada Xan 



an uiiarmed \ , Aznd upon flender foot-ftalks, which arc near four 



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inches long;* -From the wings of the ftalk arife the 



foot-ftajks of the flowers. ' The leaves are almoft 



1 . hcart-lhaped, but fome of the larger are cut on their 



-fides into three acute lobes ; they arc irregularly in- 



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