'- 



X 



dented on their edges, ending in acute points, and 

 are of a pale green on their under fide, but of a dark 

 green on their upper The flowers are produced in 

 loofefpikes the male flowers growing at the top, 

 and the female flowers under them, which are of an 

 herbaceous colour, and are collefted in roundilh heads. 

 1 he female flowers are fucceeded by oblong oval fruit 

 dofely ariTied with Ibort ered fpines. This plant 

 flowers m July, and the feeds ripen in autumn. ' " 

 1 his plan^ has been much eftcemed by fome phyflci- 

 ans, for the cure of fcrophulous tumours, andalfoin 

 leprofies, but is rarely now ufed...\ 

 The fecond fort grows naturally in North America. 

 Ih^ italks of this are much thicker, and rife higher 

 than thofe of the firft ; die leaves are not hollowed at 

 their bafe, nor arc they divided fo deeply on their 

 fides, as thofe of the firft ; they are un^gually indented 

 on their edges, and have three jftrong longitudinal 

 veins, but are of the fame colour with the former. 

 The flowers are produced in ihorter and loofer fpikes. 

 The fruit ar^ muc^ larger, and are armed with 

 ftronger fpmes which are incurved. This flowers in 

 Auguft, and in warm feafons the fruit will ripen in 

 autumn. / . , > 



The third fort grows naturally in Portugal and Spain* 

 The ftalks of this rife three feet high, and fend out 

 many branches the whole length ; thefe are garnifhed 

 with oblong leaves which are indented on their edges, 

 and end in acvz.t;e points ; they are from two to three 

 inches loh^, and three c^uarters of an inch broad, of 

 a_ dark green on their upper fide, 'but hoary on thf ir 

 tinder^ having very fhort foot-flalks. The flowers 

 come out from the fide of the branQhes, two or three 

 at each place, one bf which is female, and is fuc- 

 ceeded by oblong oval fruit, armed with flender fharp 

 fpines which are erefi. " The ftalks and branches are 

 arrn.ed^ithi longi fiiff, triple* thoi^ns' on every 'fide, 

 which renders it dangerous to handle them. This 

 flo\vers in July and Augufl:,- and in warm/eafqns 

 the feeds ripen in autumii.. . , .,/ . T ■ ' 

 The fourth foht grows natufally in China, from 

 whence I havfc often received the feeds ; the plants 

 are like thofe of the firft fort, byt groiv latger, and 

 branch more ; the flowers are produced in loofe fpikes 

 ;at,the. tfifi^pf the ftalks ; the fruit is like that, but thfe 

 ; fpines are Oender, .ftr^le, aqd flrait. This flowers 

 aoput the fame time with the third fort, but, unlefe 

 th^.g^tumn prQve^';wiU'm, thje feeds will hot ripen in 

 England,. ; . .,:..f. \ •• r . ;/ .;:l.'X;:;r: w:;::.V>ft;''- 

 All thefe plants are annual. 



,ftom the feeds w^ph (all in autumq,; ^ . __^ 



'Other care biit to tHin the plants where they are too 



X 



N 



I 



lie 



- The Characters are, ■ • . . . , - ...; 



// hath mak and female flowers on different plants, 

 male flower has no empakment, but has five oval petals, and 

 five flender flamma ivbicb are longer than the pet ab, ter- 

 minated hy furro-ujed Jtimmits ; it has three germcn, 'xhich 

 are united at their bafe, having each a lateral ftyle 

 crooned by ohtufe ftigmas. Tbegermen afterward become 



Jo many capfules, each containing one roundifi, hard, 

 ■■ finning feed. : • ' ^ 



: This genus of plants is ranged in the fifth feftiori of Lin- 



" u"(\^^-^"^y"^''''°"'^ clafs, which includes thofe plants 

 which have male and female Bowers on different plants, 

 whofe flowers have five ftamina and as many ft vies 

 The Species are, : . ■; . 



1. Xanthoxylum {Clava tierctilis) foliis pinnatis. Lin. 

 • v?** -V^"-' '"^55- Tooth-sche-tree with winged leaver. 



Xanthoxylon fpinofum, lentifci Ibrigioribus foliis, cu- 

 onymi fruftu capfulari. Cateflj. Carolirt. i. p. 26 

 Prickly Tboth-ccbe-tree with longer Maftich-f.ee leaves, 

 and capfules to the fruit like that cf the Spindle- tree. 



2. Xanthoxylum {Amcricanun'i) foliis pinnatis^ folblis 



oblongo ovatis integerrimis feffilibus. Tootb-ache-tre! 



with wing'ed leaves, having oblong, oval, entire lobes 



without foot-ftalks, commody called broad-leaved Tooth- 

 ache-tree. 



The firfl will come up 



clofe, and keep them clear from weeds-, the fecond 

 fort ^oriperly wa9^ea% cult^^^^^ came up 



rfrom the felf-fown feeds" as readily, and rarely failed 



. .to,xjp.eBit3 feeds \ but of la 

 P^oved^o bad, a§ that the 



yea^s 



feeds 



i 



.-maturity.-:;.',.,,.. .4 t.,^:?',,-.:'. /. ^w^tvt.,;.^^- ^^ .%^ 

 The tl>ird fort will perfc£i its feeds forne years on 

 felf-fown plants, but, as they fometimcs-faik thefure 

 way is to raife the plants on a gentle hot-bed, and 

 .aft^ they have obtained ftrength, plant them on a 

 warm border on a lean foil, which \yill ftint the plants 

 in their growth, and caufe them to tie more fruitful ; 

 for w^Pnthey are planted in rich grouji^, the plants 

 will ^row to a large fize, and will not produce flowers 

 till late in autumn, fo the feeds will not ripen/' 



TbP fpur*ih fcrt muft. be raifed on ^ l>pt-bed in the 

 fpring, and the plants fhould be tranfplanted each 



. into a fmall pot, and plunged into a frefli hot-bed 

 ; to bri/js them forward- After they.h?ive obtained 

 "^ flrength, they fhould be inured to the free aif gra- 

 dually, and in June fome of the plants may be turn- 

 t^. out Ojf j{ie pots, preferving th^ bail gf earth to 

 their roots, and planted in a fouth border, where, if 

 the feafon proves favourable, they will perfect their 

 feeds. ^v. .'- 



All thefe plants delight to grow in a rich moift foil: 

 X ANT H OX YL U M. Lin. Gen. Plant. 335.- The 



TQQth-ach<-treer. 



1 • 



—'I 



H^ 



- l"» ' * ■ \ 



- J 



- J^v.w ^ *hit 



*J#W 



The firft fort grows liaturally in South Carolina, 

 where it nfes to the height of fifteen or fixteen feet. 

 . The flem is woody, and about a foot thick, covered 

 with a whitifli rough bark,,and armed with ihorc thick 

 fpines ; thefe grow to a large fize as the trunk in- 

 : creafe§ in bulk, fo as to become protuberances termi- 

 nating in fpines. The leaves are fomecimes placed by 

 .pairs, and at others they ftand without ordt^r ; they 

 ,;are compofed of tliree, four, or five pafr of fpcar- 

 -fhaped lobes placed oppofite, . terminated by an odd 

 -qne; they are of a deep green on their upper fide. 

 . and of a yellowifh green below, alittle fawedon their 

 edges, and ftand upon fhort foot-ftalks. At tlic end 

 of the branches come forth the foot-ftalks which M- 

 tain the flowers ; thefe branch oUt, and forrh a loofe 

 panicle.^ The flowers are compofed of five white pe- 

 tals which are fmall, having no cover ; they are by 

 fome called the empalement, but being of a different 

 colour from the leaves, 1 fliall take the liberty to ftile 

 them petals. Within thefe are fituated five ftamina 

 which are terminated by reddifh futtimits, and in the 

 ..female flowers there are nvc ftyles faftened td 

 'the fide ofthe germen. After the flower is paft, the 

 ! /gerrneh turns to a roundifh four-cornered capfule, 

 •each containing one roundifh, hard, fhining feed. It 

 is fometimes called Pellifory-tree. , 

 ^ This has been generally confounded with the prickly 



yellow Wood, or yellow Hercules of Sir Hans Sloane,- 

 but is very different from that ; for in the Weft-In- 

 di^s it is one of their largeft timber trees, and the 

 fpecimens which I have received from Jamaica, are 



..Very different from thofe of Carolina. * The leaves of 

 the former are twice as large as thofe of the latter j 

 the lobes of the leaves are almoft three inches lono-, 

 and an inch and a half broad ; they fit clofe to the foot- 

 ftalk, and the leaves are equally winged, having no 

 fingle lobe at the ehd. The flowers of this I have not 

 feen, but the capfules have five cells, each containino- 

 one black, fhining, hard feed. - ' ^ 



The fecond fort grows naturally in Penfylvania ind 

 Marylahd 5 this hath a woody ftem^ which rifes ten or 



' twelve feet high, fending out many branches toward 



.the tops thefe have a purpH(h bark, and are armed 



* with fhort thick fpines ftanding by pairs. The leaves 



are unequally winged, and are compofed of four or five 



pair of oblong oval lobes, terminated by an odd one; 



. thefe ftan4 clofe to the midrib, having no foot-ftalks' 

 The midrib is armed on the under fide with fome fmall 

 fpines. -^ The upper fide of the leaves are of a deep 



, green, their under fide is of a prale green ; they have 

 a warm biting tafte. The bark of the tree is ufed for 

 curing the tooth-ache, from whence it has the namt; 

 The flowers grow in loofe paniclts hke thofe of the 

 former fort,^ and thefe are fucceeded by fruit with five 

 cells, eacK including one hard fhining feed; 



Thefe: 



' t 



