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ANTHOXYI^UM. See Xanthoxylum. 

 -" ZEA. Lin. Gen. Plant. 026.' Mays. Toiirn 

 . Inft. R H. 531. tab. 303, 304, 305. Indian, 



or Turkey-cornTTn' French, 5//^^ fT^/rj/^/V. 

 Ihe Characters are, f"'*'^'* '■-' r - : .■; ;, 



It has male and femhiejtow&sfituatei at remote dift^^^^ 



m the fame plant. - "The mhle flowerf are difpofed in a 



loofe Jptke, having oval, oblong, chaffy empalements; open- 



ingwith two vaheSy'Ydch indofing iwo flowers -, thefe 



have two Jhort compreffed nediariums, "and three hair-like 



ftamina^ terminated hy quadrangular fummits^ which open 



in four cells ^ at the t^i - . rhe frndte flowers, which are 



Situated below the male, are difpofed in a thick fpike in~ 



clofed with leaves f thefe have thick chaffy empalements 



"ftthtwo '^^lves,\r^^ are\ompofed oftwofhort 



membranaceous broad valves which are permanent^ and a 



fmallgermen, with a flender^yle, crowned by a Jingle ftig- 



may which is hairy toward the point, Thegermen after- 



ivdrd turfisto d'rdundifjycb^preffed fecdy angular at the 



hafe, andhalfinclofedihitsproperyicepUck rSu 



This genus of plants is ranged in the third fe<aion of 



Linnasus*s twehty-firfl: clafi^ which' includes thofe 



plants which have male and female flowefs ac diftances 



on the fame plants and' the male flowers have three 





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The SpEcits are; 



i. Zea {Americana) taiile altiftima,' foliis latioribus 

 pendulis, ipica longiflim-1 Indian Corn with the talleji 



" Jlalk, broader hanging leaves, and the Ipyi^efi fpike. Mays 

 granis aiireTs. 'Tourn. Inft. R. H; 531. Indian Maize 



- with yellow gYdns^^^^'^^'^"^'' - '\ ■ t-—*- ■ --;.--,., 



. Zea (Jlba) caulegfaciliore/foliis carmatii, p'efldu- 



lis, fpica longa gracili. -"^///i/^/^'^'C^rFt^^^^^^ flenderer 



ftalks, keel'Jhaped hanging leaves ^tn^^a"' long jlender 



fpike. Mays granis albicantibus. Toufn. Inft. R. H. 



531. Indian Maize wjth ivbite grnifis.'l'''*^'^^^ '■-■ . \.-M 



, Zea {Vulgare) caule humilfori, foliis carinatis p'e^n- 

 dulis, fpica brevi"ore."'7«^/^>;" C(?r;;'c^/V/7*^ tower flalk, 

 hanging k'eel-fhaped leaves ^ and a fh offer fpike.- Mays 

 fpica aurea&: alba. Tourn. Inft. R. H. 531. Turkey or 

 Indian MaizL W/Ai^'v/*''"""* -^-^ -'«••« /'^-•i- ■ i}..'.^' 





in the colour of the grain, as in the other fpecies • l)dt 

 as this IS lefs common in Eiirope, we are not fo'wcl* 

 acqiiamted with it. ■' t^;^; '. , .. „.:i/ .-; . - - . ' 



The fecondfort is cultivated in Ittily, Spain,' and 



^T^cK^^r^^ ^''^' ""^'^''^ ^'''^ ^'^ fl^^^^rer than 

 thole of the former, and felddm rife more than fix 6r 



leven feet high. The leaves are narrower than thofe 

 of the firftfort, and are hollowed like the keel of a 

 boat, and their tops liang downwards.' " The fpikes 

 of male flowers are (horter than thofe of the firft and 

 the ears or fpikes of grain are flenderer, and not more 

 < ' than fix or feven inches long. The grains of this 

 ^ lort do not come to maturity in England, unlcfs the 

 • feafon proves very warm, and that the grains are 



planted early m a warm foil and fituation. . 

 -The third fort is culdvated in the northern parts of 

 " America; and alfo in Germany. . The ftalks of this 

 ^ are flender, and feldom rife more than four feet hieh " 

 The leaves are fhorter and narrower than thofe of The 

 ^ two former 5 they are hollowed like the keel of ^ boat 

 and their tops hafig down. The fpikes of male flowers 

 are ftiort, and the ears or fpikes of grain are feldom 

 ^ more than four or five inches long.' This fort ripens 

 . Its gram pcrfeftly well in England, in. as little iime 

 ': as Barley, fo may be cultivated here to advantage. 

 ] There are feveral varieties of the two laft fpecies, which 

 • differ iri the colour of their grain. The moft common 

 - colour is that of a yellowifti white ; but there are fome 

 --with deep yellow, others with purple, and fome with 

 / blue grains j and when the different colours are planted 

 ^r near each other, the farina will^mi;?, and the ears will 

 h^e grains of feveral colours intermixed on the fame 



u 



Thefe three fpecies have been generally fuppofed but 

 one, anci no ihort than accidental variations j but from 

 long experience Ic^ri affirm, tliejr are 'different, and 

 do not alter by cukufe.' ^^ ' '"■- "i:^i ;ox u :; .. f 

 The firft fort grows naturally in the idinds of the 

 Weft-Indies J this hath a very l^rge ftrong ftalk, 

 which rifes to the height of ten or twelve feet. .The 

 leaves are long, broad/ and hang downward ; they 

 have a broa:d white midrib.- ^The Male flowers come 

 out in branching fpikes at the upper part of the ftalks ; 

 thefe are eight or 'ten inches long;^ The female 

 flowers come out from the bottom of the leaVeis on 

 the fide of the ftalk ; (hey are difpofed in a clofe, 

 long,' thick fpike, and are coveted clofeJy with thin 

 ipath^e or (heaths -, put of the end of thefe covefs hang 

 u fmall long bunch of filaments or threads, which 

 are fuppofed receive and convey the farina of the male 

 flowefs to the germen of the female. When the feeds 

 of this fort are ripe, the fpikes or ears are nine or ten 

 inches long, and fomctimes a foot, but thefe rarely 



' - 



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ripen in England. 



I have not fccn any variety of colours in this fpecies, 



though it is very probable there" are the fame varieties 



fpike; but when the grains of the different varieties are 

 ^> planted at a proper diftance from each other, the pro- 

 - duce will be the fame with the grains which were fown. 

 '^' Theie plants arc feldom cultivated in England forufej 

 /■'but in Italy and Germany it is the food ofthe poor 

 ' inhabitants ; as it is aUb in many parts of North Ame- 

 : ricay where it is treated in the following manner. 

 -; They firft dig the ground well in the fpring, and after 

 "iiaving rnade it level, they draw a line crofs the whole 

 : prece int:ended to be planted y then they raife little 

 hills at about three or four feet diftance,- into each of 

 which they put two or three good feeds, covcrino- 

 thern^ about an inch thick with earth ; then they move 

 ■ the line four feet farther, cdndnuing to do the fame 

 through the whole fpot of ground, fo that the rows 

 may be fouf feet afunde'r^and the hills three or foiir 

 feet diftance: Six quarts of this feed is generally al- 

 lowed to an acre of land, which, if the foil be crood, 

 will cofnrnonly produce fifty bufhels of Corn; :?■ . ' 

 In the planting of this Corn, where they obferve to 

 plant the grain of any one colour in a field by itfelf, 

 and fio other Coloured grain ftand near it^ it will pro- 

 duce all of the fame colour again, as hath been affirmed 

 by many curious perfons who have tried the experi- 

 ment J but if the rows are alternately planted with the 

 grain of different colours, they will interchange,- and 

 produce a mixture of all the forts in the fame rowy 

 and frequently on one and the fame fpike ; and fome 

 do affirm they will mix wkh each other, at the diftance' 

 of four or five rods, provided there is no tall fence or 



building between to intercept them. 



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