A 



There is nothing more obfcrved in the culture of iliis 

 ^r:iir:, bur only to keep it clear from weeds, by tre- 

 cucHl hoclnp^ of the (rround •, and when the lleins are 



advanced, to draw tl\c earth up in a hill about each 

 phuu, which, if done, will greatly llrengthen them, 

 and preferve the ground about their roots moitl for a 

 confiderable time. 



When rlic Corn is ripe, they cut off the ftalks clofe to 

 the ground, and after having gathered off the fpikes 

 of grain, t!iey fpread the ftalks in the fun to harden 

 and dry, which they afterward ufe in the fame man- 

 ner as ilccds in England for making fences, covering 

 iheds, &c. for which purpofe they are very ufcful to 

 the inhabitants of warm countries -, and when there is 

 a fcarcity of forage, they feed their cattle with them 

 green, as faft as the Corn is gathered off. 

 l^he Corn is ground to flour, and the pocreft fort of 

 people in America, and alfo in Italy and Germany, 

 make their bread of this flour ; and in many of the 

 warmer countries, the inhabitants roaft the whole 

 ipikes, and drefs them many different ways, making 

 feveral diflies of it ; but this grain feldoni agrees with 

 thofe who have not been accuftomed to eat it \ howe- 

 ver, in times of fcarcity of other grain, this would be 

 a better fubititute for the poor than Bean flour, or 

 other forts, which have been ufed in England •, and at 

 all times will be found a hearty food for cattle, hogs, 

 and poultry; fo that in light fandy lands, where Beans 

 and Peas fiicceed not well, this grain may be culti- 

 vated to anfwer both purpofes to advantage,. - 

 If this grain is cultivated by the horfe hoeing huiban- 

 dry, it may be done at lefs expence than in any other 

 thod ; for this is one of the plants which is more 

 particularly adapted for this huibandry i therefore I 

 Jhall here give an account of the method in which it 

 - has been cultivated by the horfe-hoe, and hasfucceeded 

 beyond expc6lation. * 



The land was very light and fandy^ atnd far from 

 . being rich -, this was ploughed deep before winter, 

 and laid up in high ridges till the fpring, when it was 

 ' well harrowed to break it fine, and the beginning of 

 ' April the ground was again ploughed^ laid level, and 

 ' ;well harrowed to make the furface fmooth ; then 





them clean from weeds. If the feafjn fnouid prove 

 w.irm, thefc pLmts will ripen :h'j Corn in autumn. 

 Z I N Z I B K K. See A.momum. 



Z I ZIP MORA. Lin.Gcn. Plant. -3. Cllnopodiurn. 

 Tourn. In(l. R. H. 194. tab. 92. Field Bafil. 



; 



/;/ic; 



tohler lip [or beard) is diz'ided into three canal 



I 



1 1 1 



^ 4 . 



the feeds ^were fbwn in drillsj whicK were made 

 . four feet afunder. Into which t!ie feeds were drop- 

 : ped at about a foot difl:ance. When the plants were 



come up three inches high, where any of them were 

 V too clofe, they were cut up with a hand-hoe, and the 



TIk^ Characters arc, 

 T'Z'C floivcr kath a long^ roughs (ylindrical cripalcmem^ 

 "ivbiL h is fiightly cut into five perls at the hrim. Tkc 

 fioivcr is of the labiatcd kind^ havi:ig a ki}^ cylmdritnl 



"■The upper Up is cvaU refiexcd^ and entire ; the 



jcgmcnts -y 

 it has tzvo fpreading Jlaynina terminated by oblon?^ furn- 



7}2itSy and a quadrifid germen ftipporting a brifrly ftyk^ 

 crovjned by a fiarp -pointed injlexed fiigma. "The germen 

 cjterzvard turn to four oblong feeds^ ivhicb ripen in the 

 empnkment. 



This genus of plants is ranged in the firft feftron of 

 Linna^us's fecond clafs, which includes thofe plants 

 whofe flowers have two ftamina and one ftyle. ■' '-.". 

 The Speies are, 



ZiziPHORA (Capitata) capitulis, terminalibus, foliis 



ovatis. Lin. Sp. Plant. 31. Field Bafil zvitb heads ter- 



. minating the ftalks^ and cval leaves. Clinopodiuni fif- 



tulofum pumilum, Indi.^e occidentalism fummo caule 



.floridum. Pluk. Aim. iii. Low fijlulous Field Boftl 



cf the IFefi' Indies^ having flo'u^ers on the top of theftalk. 



2. ZizopHORA {Xenuior) tioribus lateralibus, foliis lan- 



ceolatis. Lin*, Sp. Plant. 31. Field Ba/il ^toith floijoers 



growing on the fides cfthejialk^ end fpear-fJjapcd leaves. 



Acinos Syriaca, folio mucronato, capfulis hirfutis, 



, IVlor. Hift. 3. p. 404. Syrian Field Bcifil vuilh an acutc- 

 - pointed leaf^ and hairy capfules^ 



3. ZiziPHORA (/i/y^^;;/^^?) iioribus lateralibus, foliis in- 

 ferioribus lineari lanceoiatis, fummis ovato mucrona- 

 tis. Field Bafil vuitb flovoers gro'wing on the fdes of the 



'■ JialkSy the lo'wer leaves linear and fpear-Jhapedy and thofe 

 . en the top oval, terminating ivith long points*. 



4. ZiziPHORA. {Alpina) foliis lanceoiatis, floribus t^nii- 



. nalibus. Hort. Cliff, '^o^.; Alj>ine Fkld Bqfd uith'fpcar- 



fjaped leaveSy and flowers terniinaiirig the flalks.,.. CM- 



nopodium Alpinum rofeum, faturejas foliis. Boccon. 



:•: Muf iiQ. Alpine Field Bafil %viib Kqfc-like heads and 



\., 



'■ » 



Savory leaves.. 



-^x 



' ' _- rf _ 1 



■■■(iJr^i^t 







The firft' fort grows naturally m Virginia •, this is an 



annual plant, which has a four-cornered (ialk about 



four inches high, fending out fide branches from the 



..bottom, which (land oppofite ; the fe are terminated 



/ by a ciufter of fmall flowers furrounded by oval leaves. 



intervals' between the rows Were ploughed fhallow to [ :, ending in acute goints. The flowers have a flehder 

 . deftroy the young weeds. But when the ft<^ms were j ;;^cylindrica,lempalement, out of which theyjuflpeep; 

 r advanced, the ground in the intervals was ploughed they are purple, of the lip kind, and have but two 



deeper, arid the earth laid up to the plants on both 

 -fides ; and when the weeds began to grow again, the 



eround was athird time ploughed to deilroy them ; 



, f this kept the "groiind f:iretty clean frbm Wdeds till the 

 r; grain ^as ripe^ as the feafon was notwfet^^tut other- 

 ^wife it would have required a fourth ploughing to an- 

 fwer this purpofe.' The ftalks of thefe plants pro- 

 duced from three to fix j^ikes of grain each, which 

 :, .was a great ihcreafe. 



and 



i 



f*' 



.^Hamina; it flowers in June^ Jwly? ^"d Auguft 

 ytht feeds ripen about fix weeks after. \ ... ,.- ,f 

 svTlie fecond fort grows naturally in Spain, and alfo in 

 ■;,'the LevantV. this fends up many flender ligneous 



ffalks, which rife near a foot his-h, aregarnifhed with 

 .fpear-fliaped "leaves about the fize of thofe of Sum- 

 . .mer Savory, and have a fcent like thofe. The flowers 

 ;.,,are produced in whorls round the ftalks, which aVe like 



thofe of the formei" fort, and appear at the fameTeafon. 

 - ^The time for fowing this Corn, is about the fdme as [ 'IrThe feeds of the third fort I received from Dr. Ruflel, 



...who procured them from Aleppo V this rifes about 

 , ^ght or ninf Thches high ; the fl:alks branch out their 



whole iensth. The lower leaves are narrow,- and 



hairy ; thofe at the top are oval, running out in acute 









-for Barley 5 iii light wafin land it may be fowh the 

 '.latter endof March dr the bfeglnningbf A^ril, but in 

 -cold ground, the middle or endof April will be early 

 -,-enough,"f6r ?he grain is fubjeft to rot in cold land,' 



efpecially if the feafon proVfes wet. Whtn the large forts 

 '. are planted in a garden for curiofity, their feeds Qiould 

 : be foWn upon a moderate hot-bed the beginninp; of 



The flov/ers are difpofed in whorls round the 



The 



pomts. 



ftalks, and are like thofe of the former fort. 





■wMarch ; and when the plants are fit to remove, they 

 fhould be tranfplanted on another rtioderate hot-bed 

 to bring them forward ; but they muft not be kept 

 too clolely covered, for that will draw them Up weak ^ 

 therefore, when the weather is mild, fhey'fiiould be 

 inured to bear the open air; and the beginning of May 

 they fiiould be taken up with balls of earth to their 

 roots, and tranfplanted into a warm bordfer at three or 



four feetdiftanee, carefully watering them if the wea- [■ * pagated^only hy feeds. 

 ther proves dry, until they have taken ncii/ root, after [ ,-The 

 v/hich they will require; no other care but to keep 



;, whole plant fmells like Pennyroyal. 

 The fourth fort grows naturally on the Alps, and 

 Appenine mountains. The ftalks of this rife about 

 fix inches high, and are garnifhed with fmall fpear- 



; ftiaped leaves placed oppofice. ., The flowers are pro- 

 duced in a ciufter at the top of the ftalks, which are 



; of the fame iliape and colour as thofe of the firft fort, 

 and are furrounded with fpear-ftiaped leaves. . 

 Thefe plants are all of them annual, fo are propa- 



i* 



either 



feeds may be fown in a border of light earth, 

 in fpring or atitufnn* Thofe plants whigh , 



^4 



* i 



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