18 LEAFLETS. 
nef. Elem. 412, t. 291 (1694) and Inst. 511, t. 291 (1700); Ray, 
Meth. 2 ed. 22 (1703); Linn. Fl. Lapp. 115 (1737) and Fl. Suec. 
116 (1745); Hill, Brit. Herbal., 488 (1756); Adans. Fam. 277 
(1763); S. F. Gray, Nat. Arr. ii. 267 (1821); Raf. Fl. Tell. ii. 
12 (1836) Spach. Phaner. x. 538 (1841); Fourreau, Trans. Linn. 
Soc. Lyon. xvii, 146 (1869). 
Let me remark that if I have here attributed BisToRTA as a 
genus to Cæsalpino, it has not been that the name originated 
with him. The type was figured under this name by Tragus as 
early as 1552; but Cæsalpino was the first of botanists to define 
genera, and arrange them in a natural sequence. He is the real 
Tornefort, and a century earlier than the one who bears that 
name, and has usually the credit of having laid the foundations 
of Systematic Botany. 
The type species rejoices in some diversity of binary names, 
one Of which, being invested with the right of priority, | would 
adopt; adding a partial list of the authors who have employed 
it: B. masor, Tragus (1552), Dodonwxus (1583), Thalius (1586) 
Gerarde (1597), Clusius (1601), Tabernemontanus (1625), Ray 
(1696), and many more of the pre-Linnzans. Then, since 1753, 
S. F. Gray (1821). By the synonym B. vulgaris, Hill, Brit. 
Herbal, 488 (1756); also B. officinalis, Raf. Fl. Tell. iii. 12 
(1836) and Fourreau, 1. c. (1869). 
Some other species of Bistorta, indigenous to North America, 
are B. VIVIPARA, Ñ. F. Gray, l. c., and B. AMERICANA, Raf. l. c., 
this based on P. istortoides Pursh ; B. LINEARIFOLIA, CEPHAL- 
OPHORA, VULCANICA, JEJUNA, BERNARDINA, GLASTIFOLIA 
(Greene, Pitt. v. 197-199, under Polygonum) ; also B. MACOUNII 
(Small, in Macoun, Pl. Pribil. 570) and pLumosa (Small). 
The following may be added to the number of recognizable 
North American species. 
B. LILACINA. Slender, a foot high or more from a stoutish 
contorted fibrous and chaffy-crowned root: leaves lance-linear 
and linear, 3 to 6 inches long, retrorsely scaberulous beneath and 
with a broad flat striate midvein without other manifest nerva- 
tion, the margins crisped in the large, in the narrower not so, 
in all revolute: ocreæ an inch long, ending in a short scarious 
cup and a linear very erect leaf 1 or 2 inches long: spikes ovoid 
