PREFACE 
This volume is designed to record and deseribe the species of native 
and naturalized flowering plants known by the author to grow naturally 
in the southeastern United States south of the northern boundaries of 
North Carolina and Tennessee and east of the Mississippi River. The 
species are grouped in genera, families, and orders, and are so arranged 
and deseribed that they may be identified by means of the analytieal keys 
and synopses given under each group, mainly by a study of the morphol- 
ogy of the flowers and the fruits. | 
The arrangement of the natural plant families is essentially that of 
Engler and Prantl, Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, although in a few 
eases modifications of the sequence there adopted seemed to be desirable. 
The deseriptive matter has been made very short, except in special cases. 
In order to facilitate the traeing and determination of genera and species, 
a drawing showing a flower and its gross morphology and a fruit, of the 
first species under each genus is given. The illustrations are not made 
to a seale, but the sizes of some of the parts are usually given in the de- 
the rw du of those of the grasses, whieh were made by Mrs. Agnes 
Chase,! and those of Carex which were made by Mr. H. Creutzberg, through 
the interest of Mr. K. K. Mackenzie. 
the matter of the interpretation of species and genera what has 
— to the author a balanced course has been followed—traditional 
“lumping” and modern "splitting" have not influenced the treatments o 
the various groups. Complex genera have been divided into more natural 
groups, both for convenience of study and also in order to make the gen- 
era, as far as possible, correspond i in rank to the great majority of groups 
of species now recognized as genera by most present-day botanists. 
Species have been interpreted in the broader sense; minor variations of 
species, "varieties" or “subspecies” have not been considered to any great 
extent. “Subvarieties”, "forms", “subforms” have not been considered 
at all. 
The names adopted for species and genera in this volume are those 
whieh to the best of the author's knowledge, were first applied to each, 
accompanied or supported by an adequate description, and in the case of 
genera by specific references, from the time (1753) when binomial desig- 
The drawings for the grasses were made with the understanding that they 
were Us be reduced to 1 inch square, allowance being made for such reduction. 
Coarseness of the pre dois if any, is due to the fact that the drawings were 
not reduced in engravin g. 
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