PINACEAE 3 
Carpellary scales without bracts, m js or 
fleshy : ovules erect: buds naked : wing of the seed, 
hen present, a portion of the testa. Fam. 2. JUNIPERACEAE. 
cu flowers solitary E mu ithout earpellary scales : 
ne dU o cOUDs or bacc ate. Fam. 3. TAXACEAE. 
Famy 1. PINACEAE — Ping FAMILY 
stly evergreen resin-yielding shrubs or trees, typically conie, with 
flaky or brittle "bark, the buds sealy. Leaves narrow ard s 
needle-like and usually several together, each group with a ia at the 
base. Ovulate ament with bracted scales Ovules inverted. Cone of dry 
scales. Seeds usually 2 on each scale, often samara-like.—A family of the 
first economic importance: its ‘members furnish lumber, resinous products, 
tanning materials, volatile oils. The species fall into a dozen genera of 
wide geographic distribution. 
Leaves several quac DE the bundle : surr ounded by a sheath at the base: cones matur- 
ing the second year Tribe I. PINEAE. 
6e solitary, without a sheath: cones maturing the first 
Tribe II. ABIETINEAE. 
I. PINEAE 
Cone- s with dorsal, spine-armed appendages: leaves in l 
2's or 3’s 1. PINUS. 
Sener cates with terminal unarmed appendages : leaves in D's. 2. STROBUS. 
II. ABIETINEAE 
Cone drooping: bracts shorter than the cone-seales 
Leaves 4- dde or nearly terete, SDECROIDES Boer: -sacs opening 
length wis 3. PICEA. 
m d apparently 2-ranked: anther-sacs opening trans- 
rsely. 4. TSUGA. 
Cone ree M longer than the cone ea 9. ABIES. 
1. PINUS [Tourn.] L. Trees or rarely shrubs. Leaves needle-like, oe 
in 2’s or 3’s and each-with 2 fibro-vascular bundles. Staminate nts elon 
gate, at the ends of branches of the preceding year. Ovulate i Pru or 
ce elongate. Cone spreading: scales at length woody and spreading, each 
wit orsal, usually spine-armed appendage. Seed saniara-like.—A bout 
e mostly in the north tem mperate zone.—Spr.—PINES.—Most of our pines, 
especially the Md -leaved ones, are important timber (eoe 
duets of the leaf ne ions to the E bundle. L AUSTRALES, 
Branchlets terminated by brushes of relatively short, sti 
straight leaves: resin-ducts of the leaf remote from the 
fibro-vascular bundle II. 'RIGIDAE. 
Cone elongate, of a conic type and over tw long as thick 
when ciosed, slightly umbonate, SENE px EAT flat 
or slightly elevated, ecurved or hooked prickles. 
Cone-scales thin-edged, the preci coat flattish, the prickles 
hooked. 1. P. australis. 
Cone-scales COE ae the appendages turgid, the prickles l E 
slightly recurved. 2. P. caribaea. 
Cone short, of d pes void ty and less than twice lon T l T 
pe g 
as thick when closed,- prominently umbonate, me scale- 
appendages elevated, POSER pyramidal, with nearly straight M 
or decurved prickles | 3. P. palustris. 
RIGIDAE 
Scales of the ovulate ament stout, each with a short tip which 
scarcely equals the body in length. 
Cone over 8 c ce g. 
Cone br oadly losed a nd prominently un 
bonate ; Scales Pee dea. the appendages ‘projecting mo. e 
little, if at all, beyond the short spine 4. P. Taeda. 
