6 PINACEAE 
5. ABIES [Tourn.] Hill. Trees. Leaves distichously spreading on twigs 
and branchlets: blades = not jointed to sterigmata. Pollen-sacs opening 
transversely or nearly so. ulate ament with conspicuous bracts. Cone erect, 
eylindric.—A genus Males of high latitudes and mountains, with only 
2 species in the eastern United States, S species in western North America and 
about a dozen in the Old World.—Firs.— 
Some of the western species are valuable 
timber trees. Canada balsam is an exuda- 
tion in the blisters on the trunk of 4 
balsamea. 
1. A. Fraseri (Pursh) Lindl. Tree bee 
ing 25 mm. tall, the bark with balsam ici. 
ing blisters: leaves 1-2 cm. long; blades 
s above, oo. s staminate 
ent 0— em. lon 
8 mm. long: e 4-5 
sales fabellate a eae. ee ate: 
eed 4-5 . long, the wing a abou 2 
as pda - (Siven: FIR. BALSAM-F SH 
BALSAM. HORN. BLISTER- E Add 
swamps, ce and summits, Blue Ridge to Appalachian Plateau, N. C. and 
Tenn. to W. Va.—Spr.—A related da species, A. balsamea, with eluded 
cone -braets, may occur in NW N. C. 
Famity 2. JUNIPERACEAE — Juniper FAMILY 
Mostly evergreen often slightly resiniferous shrubs or trees, with 
fibrous, shreddy bark, the buds naked. Leaves mainly appressed or some- 
times subulate and spreading. Ovulate ament with bractless scales. Ovules 
See ngless, or winged, the wing a portion of the testa.—About 12 gen- 
era, widely tributed. The woods and the products are of great eco- 
nomic importance. 
Plants monoecious: cones dry, merely imbricated. 
u^ Mes long and ze not scale-like, spreading: scales of the ovulate cones 
rally placed, imbricate. Tribe I. TAXODIEAE. 
eee Scale-like, cay appressed and imbricate 
(s du n. imes spreading on twigs) : scales of the ovu- 
Jat nes decussately opposite or ternate. ribe II. CUPRESSEAE. 
x Beats dioecious: cone berry-like or drupe- like: 
s fleshy, coalescent. Tribe III. JUNIPEREAE. 
I. TANODIEAE 
Trees Moa ag erect * knees" from the root-system: leaves 
deciduo 1. TAXODIUM. 
IT. UPRESS 
Cones elongate: scales not peltate, the tip apteally thickened, 
often apiculate or hooked below the a 
Cones drooping: seales not hooked near EM apex: seeds 
Wingless: branchlets in num Es oo 2. THUJA. 
Cones erect: scales hooked below the apex: seeds ced: 
branchlets in vertically disposed fron 3. BIOTA. 
in nearly globular: scales peltate, the cone planus thick- 
ned tops ending in short tee 4, CHAMAECYPARIS. 
o 
Leaves subulate and spreadin the ature branches: 
aments axillary, the ETAT wid smaller seales at the top. 0. JUNIPERUS. 
cs seale-like and appressed on e mature branches: . 
ments terminal, the pistillate with pm ger scales at the top. 6. SABINA. 
XODIUM L. C. Rich. Deciduous-leaved trees, the roots producing 
— conic ‘‘knees.’’ Leaves often almost 2-ranked: blades narrow. Staminate 
