POACEAE 109 
first floret; lemmas usually short-bearded at the base, 2 eleft at the apex, the 
eeth ören awned, and with a bent and exserted awn from the back below 
the cleft apex.—Sixty-five species, in the Arctic and temperate regions of both 
hemispheres.—FALSE-OATS. WILD OAT- -GRASSES. SWAMP OAT-GRASSES. 
Panicle dense, spike-like, sometimes interrupted below. 1. T. spicatum. 
Panicle narrow bu oose. 
Awn twisted below: both florets long-awned ; rachilla ar- 
tieulate above the glumes 
Awn not twisted: lower floret a wnless or with a short 
Straight awn: pedicel ardere below the glumes. 3. T. pennsylvanicum. 
2. T. flavescens. 
1. T. spicatum (L.) Richt. Stem 15-50 em. tall: leaves more or les S puber 
lent: paniele 3-10 cm. Sui e ts 5- 3 mm. long, the rachilla i 
above the glumes: aw long, 
serted, divergent. [T. "nolle Kunth T. sub- 
icatum B 
spicat eauv.|—-Mtn. summits and slopes, 
Blue Ridge and more northern provinces, N 
C. , Ont., and Lab.— 
C. A.) 
2. T. flavescens (L.) Roem. & Sch 
Stem 4 m ps ps leaf. sheaths se 
cent: blades 2—6 wide: panicle 5-15 em 
ee spikelets E flowered : ion mas 5-6 
long.— a in waste-places; re- 
t. of Eu. 
—Oce 
Sod from Miss. 
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lower pubescent: panicle 10-20 em. lon ng: awn 4-5 mm. long. [Sphenopholis 
palustris Seribn. T. palustre Torr. T. ludovicianum Vasey] —Marshes, swamps, 
and springy places, various provinces, Fla. to La . and Mas 
66. SPHENOPHOLIS Scribn. Erect perennials with usually flat blades 
and narrow panicles uf shining spikelets. Spikelets 2- or 3-flow ered, the rachilla 
articulate below the glumes and between the florets, produced beyond the upper 
floret as a slender bristle; glumes unlike in shape, the first narrow, acute, 1- 
nerved, the second broadly obovate, 3- to 5-nerved, somewhat coriaceous; lem- 
species, natives of the United States, TAT and the West Indies. 
Leaf-blades about 1 mm. wide, E flat or involute. 1. S. filiformis. 
Leaf-blades flat, more than 1 mm. wi e, not much e elonga te. 
a narrow, densely onered- glumes equal in a about 
p mm. long, the second much broadened abo ve, 1 mm. wide as 
olded. 2. S. obtusata. 
Panicle se oe branches more or less spreading: usn erri 
the ond longer, widened above, 0.5-0.75 mm. wide 
ed. 
Lemmas s ooth: panicle-branches approximate. 3. S. pallens. 
Lemmas, especially the second, scabrous: panicle-branches 
rather distan 4. S. nitida. 
