170 CYPERACEAE 
flowered: seales 2.5-3 mm. long, yellowish-brown, except the green midrib and 
the often tawny margins: perianth-bristles abo ut as long a s the achene, down- 
y 
ng, black, th orn arly ps abruptly xpi dig A 
1.5-2 lon a smoo 
NM "V wet soil, various provinces, N Ga. to Ark., Nebr., Minn., Ont., 
and Me. 
/8. S. americanus Pers. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 1.5 m. tall, sharply 
triangular, bright-green, the e ths (1-3) wi La ds nae 2 blades: ees 
lets ovoid, mostly 5-12 mm. long, acute, many-flowe ong, 
Don. erose, minutely eni at the notched o Mc. 
as long a s the achene or shorter: achene obovoid, about 2.5 mm. long, dark- 
brown, e ulate.—(SWORD-GRASS. THREE-SQUARE BULRUSH. CHAIR-MAK- 
ER’S RUSH.)—Borders of ponds and a various provinees, Fla. to Tex., 
Calif., B. C., Ont., and Newf.— (Mex , C. A., S. A, O. W.) 
’ 9. S. Olneyi A. Gray. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 2 m. tall, sharply 
3-angled or somewhat winged, the upper sheath sometimes with a '3-ang e 
i m 
blade: spikelets oblong or ovoid-oblong, or ovoid, 5—9 ng, obtuse, many- 
ed 3 long, dark-brown, except the green midrib, 
erose, minutel ucronate emarginate apex: perianth-bristles shorter 
r ym a t the 
than the achene or about eae it: achene obovoid, about 2.5 mm. long, 
rown, mueronulate.—Salt and fresh marshes, Coastal Plain and xx England 
Coast, Fla. to Ark.-and N. H.; also in Mich. and on Pacific Coa 
E: S. pid qe e (Steud.) Kuntze. Perennial, sometimes tufted: scapes 
to 2 m. tal rply 3-angled above, the upper she ath with a 3-angled and 
Paa Ner is or quite as long as A scape: spikelets DS agai 
9-21 mm. long, acutish: scales 5-7 mm. long, pale-brown, acu ae me- 
times hooded apex: perianth-bristles equalling the beak of the ae oe pe 
spreading barbs: achene obovoid, 3—4 . long, including S p beak, 
brown or blackish. [S. cylindricus Britton. ]—Ponds and swamps, Coastal 
Plain and adj. provinces, Fla. to La., Ind., d. 
^ 11. S. validus Vahl. Perennial, gregarious: scapes up to 3 m. tall, light-green, 
stout (2-3 em. at the base), the basal sheaths usually bladeless : spikelets 
ovoid, often oe ou a id 5—16 mm. long, acutish: scales 2. ae 5 
PH | is 
m 
bristles our pou alli E the achene, downwardly barbed: E us DO 
obovoid, about 2 mm. long, gray, reddish, or black, s uec B 
lacustris (Fl. SE. U. ]—(GREAT-BULRUSH. CATT Mat 
BLACK-RUSH. TULE. =) ond, swamps, and streams, used (aa 
. A—(W. I., Mex A.) 
^ 12. s. californicus (C. A. Meyer) Britton. Perennial, gregarious: scapes 
Aon. 1-3 m. tall, obtusely 3- angled, often er stout, the basal sheaths blade- 
P3 
less: spikelets ov oid to oblon ng-ovoid, 6-11 m ng, acute: scales 2.5-3.5 mm. 
ong, brown or reddish, glabrous or nea m stout- duc ous te: perianth- 
bristles as long as the achene or shorter, cien arbed: achene broadly 
obovoid, about 2 mm. long, nearly white, narrowed above and short-tipped.— 
Swamps, Coastal Plain and Basin-and- -Range province, Fla. to Tex. and Calif.— 
(Mez., C. A., S. A.) 
/18. S robustus Pursh. Perennial, tufted or gregarious: stems up to 1.5 m. 
tall, 3-angled: leaves dark gi een: spikelets ovoid-oblong or ovoid, 1.5-3 em. 
long, i metim se 
; SO es dense clusters: scales mostly 7-9 mm. long, reddish or 
brown, with long markings, puberulent, the awn several times sid than ea 
notched tip: Xon -bristles shorter than the achene or wan 
ing: achen 
globose-obovoid, sometimes nearly orbicular in outline, 3-3.5 mm. P Succes 
