420 FAGACEAE 
[F. americana | Sweet]— (BEECH. RIDGE-BEECH. RED-BEECH. m 
BEECH- pu EE.)—Rich or low woods and oM rU various pro 
N Fla. to Tex., Minn., Ont., and N. S.—Spr.—The wood is used for tmu 
and Bu small articles. "The nuts are edible. 
CASTANEA [Tourn] Hil. Shrubs or trees, 3 vith porous wood. 
Da blades toothed, the teeth slender-tipped.  Staminate aments elongate, 
spreading: calyx 6-lobed: stamens 10-20, the no greatly elongate. 
Pistilate flowers several: calyx 6-lobed. Staminodia present. Ovary i - 
ectly 6-celled. Stigmas 6, slender. diu) involuere with rigid often 
branching spines, including the nuts. Nuts r 3, or sometimes solitary.— 
r.—CHESTNUTS. CHINQUAPINS. Abou M Species, natives of the Northern 
emisphere. The wood is used in EUR dE and for interior finish. The 
seeds are edi 
Leaf-blades glabrous, green on both sides: nuts ied 2 or 3 in an involucre, or 
rarely more, flattened, at least on one side. I. DENTATAE. 
B permanently pubescent beneath, except in V Line 
he pubescence tawny or pale: nuts solitary, not flatten II, PUMILAE. 
I. DEN 
Large tree with ad coarsely sharp- Seba ee eas acuminate 2 D 
tata. 
II. 
o 
Spines of the ripe involucre comparatively slender 
nd long, glabrae ar i aoe d pubescent: leaf- 
blades eee t beneath. 2. C. pumila. 
ae os He ripe MEA re ouparatively stout 
her canescent well to the tips: 
leat blades felt-like beneath. 3. C. Ashei. 
«n tree: ves large; lades mostly 15-25 cm. 
with ae arse, salient, bristle-tipped teeth. 4, C. ozarkensis. 
herd: glabrous or nearly so beneath at maturity. 
ee with large leaves; blades 11-20 cm. long, some- 
what edd beneath at maturity. b. C. alabamensis. 
iuris e: m ee with small leaves; blades 7-11 
ng, whe at lustrous beneath at cui 6. C. floridana. 
Shrub with 'elongate poderi the branches erect, gregari- 
ous, often forming large colonies. 
1. tata (Marsh.) Borkh. Tree becoming 30 m. tall, the bark furrowed: 
leaf- nae uu e or elliptic-lanceolate, 10-30 em. long, acuminate 
us: neck of the hy- 
-1 
C. alnifolia. 
spr early sum.— 
The 3 species se oe way to 
come ex xtinet To the td of the 
t 1905.—C. ne 
lecta Dode, described as a hybrid between 
C. dentata and C. pumila is reported from 
C 
2. C. pumila (L.) Mill. Shrub or small 
tree up y 9 m. tall, the bark smooth: leaf- 
