EUPHORBIACEAE 719 
duced to scales, or almost wanting. Flowers mainly monoecious or dioe- 
eious, regular. Calyx of several sepals. Corolla of several petals, or 
often wanting. Androecium of more than one stamen, except when the 
staminate flowers are Sag cred: over the inside of an involucre. Filaments 
distinct or united into a column. Anthers opening by longitudinal or 
transverse valves. Gynoecium of 2, 3, or 4, or rarely more, united carpels, 
superior. Styles, or stigmas, usually distinct and cleft or Pp d. 
united by pairs in VOU IUNE: Ovules 1, 2, or 3 in each e 
capsular, achene-like, drupaceous or ae Seeds often “carunedlat, 
Po or stigmas distinct or mainly so, cleft or foliaceous: ovary 3-celled or rarely 
E r 2-celled : stamens several, except when on the 
.1. EUPHORBIACEAE. 
nsi ide of an involucre Fam 
Styles united by pairs: ovary 4 celled : stamen solitary. Fam. 2. CALLITRICHACEAE. 
Famity 1. EUPHORBIACEAE — Spurce FAMILY 
| Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often with milky sap. Leaves opposite, 
whorled, or alternate: blades s simple and entire, toothed or lobed, or com- 
poun owers monoecious or dioecious, solitary or variously duet 
or much reduced and in an involucre ( horbia and related des 
Calyx of 2-several sepals or obsolete. Corolla of 2-sever tals or 
al p 
wanting. Androecium of few-many stamens. Fruit depressed o “ehtiy 
elongate.—About 250 genera and 4,000 species, widely distributed. 
Flowers not in an involucre: calyx of several sepals. 
A and seeds, 2 n each gynoecium- cavity. 
I. ANDRACHNEAE. 
ing: 3. 
Plants monoecious or rarely dioecious: ovary 3- 
celled : fruit Se area or baccate. 
n dioecious : : ovary 1- or 2- celled : fruit dru- 
II. PHYLLANTHEAE, 
III. DRYPETEAE. 
Ovules, nd. Fe) solitary in each gyn oecium-cav 
Flowers, either staminate or pistillate, or both; in 
more or less on gate spikes or racemes, the 
pistillate basa 
Corolla Breen s either. staminate or pistillate 
flowers, or in both e (except in Croton 
Stamens 5 to m ny: filaments distinct. IV. CROTONEAE. 
Stamens 10 or ten er: filaments monadelphous, V. DITAXEAE. 
Corolla wanting. 
noecium 2-carpellary: styles 2: sepals dis- 
tinct: herbs. 
Gynoecium 3-several-carpellary : styles 3-sev- 
VI. MERCURIALEAE 
ral, ium a AEN and 
ons it 
Stamens 8-16 VII. ACALYPHEAE. 
Stamens 1-5. 
Sepals valvate in the bud. VIII. TRAGIEAE. 
epals imbricate in the bud. IX. HIPPOMANEAE. 
PONE either the staminate or the pistillate, or 
, in cymes or corymbs, or in open racemes. 
Leaf-blades not peltate: filaments not repeatedly 
brane 
rl borne in TorkinE cym X. ADENOROPIEAE. 
lowers borne in racemes or Don XI. MANIHOTEAE. 
Leaf-blades peltate : fil dun eet branded: XII. RICINEAE. 
KONT ^ ee S: ms RE ed by a minute scale 
e base of a filam E pedicel: involucre and , 
co HR. simulating a 
XIII. EUPHORBIEAE. 
Involucre regular or n ete 80, not naan 
Involucre oblique and very irregula XIV. 
PEDILANTHEAE. 
