VIOLACEAE 891 
upper surface; petiole s, and scapes, ees er dis with red: lateral petals 
beardless, the upper pair often long, narrow, and strongly reflexed, sometimes 
twisted: cleistogamous Ee ovoid, dark -purple: seed dark-brown, minutely 
e m. lon j in su 
gose, t ; ng: plants freely producin er, 
slender leafy runners [7 nteana G. Don]— EET WHITE-VIOLET. )— 
l rav and moist shaded slopes, o d. in humus, various provinces, on 
Coastal Plain only N, Ga. to Minn. an 
24. V. pallens (Banks) Brainerd. Leaf-blades broadly repe 12 ob- 
tuse or rarely ipn: glabrous on both sides; petioles and seapes often dotted 
with red in summer and more or less hirsutulous: lateral petals oval bearing 
a small tuft of hairs the upper petals broadly obovate: seed 1 mm. long, al- 
most black. [V. blanda of recent authors, not Willd.]— (WILD WHITE-VIO- 
LET, ) —Springy soil and banks of eod streams, un ne on agre 
Plain only N, B. C. to Ala., gos , Mieh., and Lab.—Plan pns grow 
slow-flowing streams after the anner as a n x ee and ore 
only raised above the surface of. the water. In most e the a ant sinks p 
the bottom in Ln retaining two or a A Es aa rises again in the 
spring to blo 
25, V. rugosa Small. Leaf-blades ovate-elliptic, cordate at s base and in 
the larger leaves deeurrent as wings down the petioles, 4—6 long, rugose, 
sparsely pubescent on the veins, bright green, paler beneath; etie about as 
lon ng as the ee copiously hirsutulous: scapes about as long as the leaves, 
: petals a h i e sma 
tuft of hair rs; the spurred etals veined at the base with brownish-purple: 
sepals lane eolate: cleistogamous capsule green, about 1 em. long, on short erect 
peduncles, ellipsoid, seeds red-brown.—Edges of white-cedar swamps, Liberty 
Fla 
3 
26. V. primulifolia L. Plant often oe Hu us ee ek a 
pubescent especially toward the base of the p s (with d 
petioles and lower leaf-surfaces in F. primulifolia pom leaf- eod Rae 
ovate, the base slightly cordate, roun or LE obseurely erenate- 
serrate; petioles often broadly winged $e flowers white: capsule green, 
the peduncle erect in V. lanceolata: seed reddish- ms, 1.5 mm. long.— 
Marshes and swamps, various provinces, Fla. to Tex., W. Va., and N. B. 
7. V. lanceolata L. Stolons leafy, often bearing apetalous flowers: leaves 
and scapes glabrous, 5-8 em. high at time of vernal Sade ring; later leaves with 
lanceolate or elliptic blades, 10-15 mm. wide, 7-15 em. long, obscurely erenulate, 
gradually tapering into margined, often reddis h, Stee diee broadly lanceo- 
late, acute: lateral petals usually beardless: cleistogamous capsules 6-12 
-brown 
(Boc wHITE-VIOLET. LANCELEAF-VIOLET.)—Moist meadows, bogs, and marshes, 
various provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and N. S. 
28. V. dap Greene. First leaf-blades piii lanceolate, Rage suc- 
ceeded after flowering by linear leaves 4-10 mm. wide, 15-30 em. long, the 
blades s at the apex and gradually tapering at the ba ase, E alately ser- 
rulate; petioles, peduncles, and lower leaf- surface usually m dis villous: 
Ie san nd bu es as in the preceding species: seed obo void, BN , 1.8 mm. 
ong. [V. denticulosa Pollar ime dE hes, bogs, and borders of Sens 
Com Plain, Fla. to Tex. an 
29. V. rotundifolia ater Rootstock long and stout, jagged with the 
persistent bases of former leaves: runners short, usually without roots or leaves, 
bearing 1—4 a flowers: leaf- blades oval or orbicular, cordate with 
