CARDUACEAE 
enu Ee or racemose or rarely 
mose: 2 tes not in 
nearly s 
Pappus in one “er es of 
bristles: leaves herbaceous: 
plant usually with a globose- 
0 
dy root. 
Pappus in two series, the o uter 
e 
involuere imbricate in definite verti- 
cal r 
Involueral bracts avea little ipate not 
striate. 
III. ASTEREAE 
Plants not dioecious. 
Ri d yellow or none or white in Solidago 
Pappus of squamellae or awns, or wanting, not of 
capillary bristles. 
Heads small, few-fl wered: involucre cam- 
pa anulate or cylindr rie, not more than 5 
mm. high: piu of the ray 10 or less, 
on 
Disk-flowers sterile: leaves with narrow 
entire blades. 
Disk-flowers fertile: leaves with .cordate 
toothed blades 
Heads larger, many- -flowered : involucre hemi- 
spheric or depressed : ligules of the ray 12 
or more, 1 cm. long or more (wanting in a 
dod species) : pappus of 2—8 deciduous stout 
Pappu. at] ast in part, of capillary bristles. 
Pa Ppus double, at least in the disk-flowers, the 
of eapillary bristles, the outer of 
Short squamellae or short bristle es. 
m flattened, with well developed 
Leaf blades not w glabrous or 
pubescent, ut not silky: achene 
somewhat turgid, turbinate, oe 
or ellipsoid- obovoid, with no 
Leaf-blades grass- -like, silky- Cente : 
achene Eder ha aped, with more or 
lass of a 
Ray-achenes turgid, with obsolete 
or 
oroniform papp 
Pappus simple. 
Hea S discoid. l 
A ooo turbinate; bracts 
o ess arranged in definite 
Cea 5) e ranks. 
Involuere broa dly turbinate to hemi- 
spheric ; bracts squarrose, imbricate, 
put not in definite vertical ranks 
Heads radiate 
Leaf- blades pinnatifid or toothed ; _ lobes 
or teeth spinulose-tipped. 
Leaf-blades entire or toothed, the teeth 
not bristle-tippe l 
Pappus-bristles elongate, amang or 
onger than the ach nen 
Bracts of the involucr 
neither longitudinally Tibbed 
nor striate. 
Annual or biennial herbs. 
iam herbs or  under- 
S 
Ray- flowers not more nu- 
merous than the 
disk-flowers : recep- 
16. LACINIARIA. 
17. AMMOPURSUS. 
18. GARBERIA. 
19. TRILISA. 
20. AMPHIACHYRIS. 
33. BRACHYCHAETA 
21. GRINDELIA. 
22. CHRYSOPSIS. 
23. PITYOPSIS. 
24. HETEROTHECA, 
25. CHONDROPHORA. 
26. BRINTONIA. 
:21Y. SIDERANTHUS. 
28. ISOPAPPUS. 
1305 
