CARDUACEAE 
Acaulescent herbs: scape and D wiry. 
Stem winged by the decent leaves: involucral 
braets mostly dno 
mon bracts seario with searious colored 
tips: stigmas of the perfect flowers short, trun- 
eate, distinct or sometimes united. 
Plants dioecious or the pistillate heads with a 
few hermaphrodite flowers = the center: 
aries flowers usually steri 
ee ee of the vistillate flowers falling 
a ring: central perfect flowers none. 
Pace bristles of the nr din falling 
off separate: central perfe wers present 
i n the pistillate heads. 
Plants - us E flowers pistillate or perfect, 
a e 
Pappus-bristles capillary, not plumose. 
Pa ees -bristles plumose. 
Receptacle cha 
Rec ON. Subulate: perfect flowers fertile, their 
Beceptacle Demi phe: Seriel fiowers usually 
sterile, their achenes without pappus. 
| INULEAE 
Achene not contracted at the apex into a short neck: 
pappus-bristles not united at the base into a cup. 
Achene 4-angled: outer involueral bracts foliaceous. 
Achene not angled : involueral bracts not DEO 
Achene contracted at the apex into a nec 
bristles united at the base into a cup. 
VI. HELIANTHEAE 
Disk-flowers perfect, but sterile. 
Achene thick, not conspicuously flattened: pappus 
wanting. 
Inner involucral bracts smooth, merely embracing 
Achenes strongly many-striate: leaves pal- 
€ ae ER 5-ribbed or 3-5- angled : leaves pin- 
ate 
€ J3avolücrat bracts prickly, closely and pe rma- 
y enclosing the achenes and falling off with 
hom: 
Achene conspicuously flattened. 
ree uing free, wing-margin 
Achen dnate o2 or 3. BERCHIES abe diag as 
ie ny sterile Foetal: and falling away with 
them, win 
Ligules of i. ay well developed, plane and 
serted : receptacle flat. 
iene opposite: pappus semicupulate, 4.€., 
Dd the erown developed on the outside 
nly. 
Leaves alternate: pappus wanting or of 2 
ort awns or teeth. 
eae of the ray poorly developed, reduced z 
small lobe or 2 or 3 teeth, the marginal corol- 
las reduced to a truncate or obliquely cleft 
Disk-flowers per rfect and fer tile. 
Rb eben: d persiste ent on the achenes and 
becoming papery in texture: ray-flowers E. 
A of the Yai sk-flowers flattened or 
ae 4-angled ; those of the ray-flowers octo 
3-an : ractlets conduplicate around the 
ache ae U 
Achenes not flattened : involucre broad: receptacle 
convex or 
Ray-corollas Newlate’ “deciduous from the achenes, or 
heads discoid. 
Involucre conspicuously 4- (rarely 5-) angled in 
the pud: braets AD = or 5, foliaceous, val- 
vate, connate at the bas 
PN 
c 
Ce 
e 
1307 
. SACHSIA. 
. PTEROCAULON. 
. ANTENNARIA, 
. ANAPHALIS. 
. GNAPHALIUM. 
. FACELIS. 
. GIFOLA. 
. FILAGINOPSIS. 
. INULA. 
54. 
. CUPULARIA, 
VICOA. 
56. SMALLANTHUS, 
77 
t 
oO 
Ct 
e 
c 
3. 
. HELIOPSIS. 
. POLYMNIA. 
. ACANTHOSPERMUM. 
. SILPHIUM. 
. CHRYSOGONUM. 
. BERLANDIERA. 
. PARTHENIUM. 
ZINNIA. 
. TETRAGONOTHECA.. 
