1312 CARDUACEAE 
Achenes not hairy at the apex, with thin flat 
wings: disk-corollas cylindric, without dif- 
ferentiation between tube and roat: an- 
thers broad, rounded at the base. 114. SOLIVA. 
Achenes villous at the apex, with thick corky 
wings: disk-corollas with a slender tube and 
elongate funnelform throat: oo S narrow, 
somewhat sagittate at the bas 115. GYMNOSTYLES. 
X. SENECINEAE 
Leaves opposite, but in our species all near uc base 116. ARNICA. 
Leaves alternate. 
igmas filifo rm, oo acute: throat of the 
corolla eylindr 
Heads with no em involucre: achene 5-angled. 117. IJMILIA. 
Heads with dois er involucre present: achene 8-10 
ribbed, teret 118. GYNURA. 
Stigmas short, truncate at the apex: throat of the 
corolla campa 
Heads discoid ; corollas whitish or pinki sh 
Maren vistillate flowers wanting, the flowers 
Corolla. o "longer than the throat: in- 
volucral bracts 5-8: center of the recep- 
tacle usually with a fleshy point. . 119. MESADENIA. 
Corolla-lobes not longer than the throat: 
nal pistil bracts 12—15: i dr flat. 120. SXNOSMA. 
more Pa than those a the isk-flowers. 121. ERECHTITES. 
uU 21 radiate, if discoid the corollas 
22. SENECIO. 
XI. CYNA 
Achenes PEINE by their very bases or ids So, not 
obliq 
is E “the involucre hooked: leaves not with 
spinose lobes and tips. 123. ARCTIUM. 
Bracts of the involucre a hooked: leaves with 
spinose lobes and ti 
Filaments papillose or DSE fre 
Receptacle bristly: pappus- Dedes plumose. 124. CIRSIUM. 
BED deeply honeycom mbed, the pits with 
ed margin: pappus- “bristles scabrous 
A oa e. 125. ONOPORDON. 
Filaments glabrous, uui pe a tube: receptacles 
istly : pappus barbell 126. MARIANA. 
Achenes inserted obliquely on the T 
4 ene truncate at the apex ete ac eee series 
uo subtended by several spiny orsus 127. CENTAUREA. 
head subtended by several spiny es. 128. CNICUS. 
XII. MUTISIEAE 
Heads heterogamous : marginal corollas ligulate. 129. CHAPTALIA. 
1. Perennial, caulescent or scapose herbs. Leaves 
alternate: blades narrow or broad, mostly toot thed. Heads not involuerate. 
urple or white. Corolla-lobes one to linear. Anther-appendages 
ices to elliptic. Achene 10-ri r -grooved. Pappus double, the outer 
series of scales or stout bristles, the inner of numerous capillary be iles, Po 
series persistent.—About 500 species, most abundant in South Ameriea.—IRON 
WEEDS.—Sum.-fall or all year 
Plant caulescent : leaves mainly cauline. 
Bracts of the involucre, at least some of them, with filiform or subulate tips. 
Leaf-blades smooth above. I. NOVEBORACENSES. 
Leaf-blades scabrous above. II. SCABERRIMAE. 
Bracts of the involucre obtuse, acute, or acumina 
eaf-blades, at least above pid 22 se of the 'stem, 
narrow, mostly of a linea III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE. 
