CARDUACEAE 
Leaf-blades broad, of an ovate, or lanceolate type. 
Le A id or thinly pubescent and 
rous 
Leaf-blades tomentose beneath. 
Plant scapose: leaves basal or mainly So. 
I. NOVEBORACENSES 
Pappus purple or tawny-purple. 
Head with 42 flowers or less : bracts of the involucre 
Head with 55 flowers or more: bracts mainly lanceo- 
late, each gradually narrowed into ip. 
Pappus stramineous. 
II. SCABERRIMAE 
Leaf-blades broad, mostly 3 or 4 times as long as wide, 
prominently serrate, sometimes coarsely so. 
Leaf-blades narrow, mostly ae 16 times as long as wide, 
entire or merely: aerate 
M 5: oe oe closely a at the base, 
the rved or spreadin 
Eu ef the- mo APS a appressed at the base, 
the tips not r ved. 
III. ANGUSTIFOLIAE 
Leaf-blades scabrous above. 
Leaf-blades linear; usually narrowly so, revolute. 
Leaf-blades linear-lanceolate to p a not revolute, 
Mic ae smooth and glabrous or nea 
eads about 13-flowered. 
Heads about 21- Hlowered: 
IV. ALTISSIMAE 
Head with 13 flowers or less. 
Head with 18 flowers or more. 
appus purple or purplish. 
Bracts at Ha involucre rounded at the apex, 
bruptly tip 
Bracs pti the involucre acute or D e. 
Pappus tawny or yellowish, or stramineou 
Involucre 5-6 mm. high; ; bracts aya p^ cuspidate, 
Involucre 3-4 mm. high ; braets obtuse or subacute. 
V. IN 
Bracts of the involucre with CEDE i i. head 
with mostly 29 flowers ór m 
Bracts of the involucre with o ade or reflexed tips: 
head 18—34-flowered. 
VI. ACA 
Blades of the basal oA elliptic, a spatulate, 
1313 
IV. ALTISSIMAE. 
V. 2 n 
VI. AcA 
1. V. noveboracensis. 
2. V. Harperi. 
3. V. glauca. 
4. V. pulchella. 
5. V. recurva. 
. V. scaberrima. 
7. V. angustifolia. 
8. V. dissimilis. 
9. V. concinna. 
10. V. Blodgettii. 
11. V. gigantea. 
2. V. altissima. 
13. V. ovalifolia. 
13. V. ovalifolia. 
14. V. flaccidifolia. 
15. V. missurica. 
16. V. Baldwin. 
or obovate, 3-7 cm. 17. V. acaulis. 
Blades of the basal ieee OERA 1-2 cm. wide. 18. V. georgiana. 
1. V. E (L.) Willd. Stem 1-3 m. tall, glabrous or thinly 
pubescent, branching above: leaves rather numerous; blades linear-lanceolate 
or eee ae 1-2 dm. long, 
nate, finely serrate or nearly entire: cou 
1-3 dm. br commonly irregular: invo- y 
luere hemispheric, 6-7 mm. high; bracts 
ciliate: pie about 10 mm. long: 
4—4.5 mm. long, aay cared iiss the 
sharp anoles: pappus purple or tawny- 
purple.—Woods, thickets, meadows, and 
open places, various provinces, Ga. to Miss., 
Ont., and Mass. 
. V. Harperi Gleas Stem 1 m. tall 
more, puberulent, dine dy bran ched 
above: leaves numerous; blades lanceolate, 
