1338 CARDUACEAE 
Involuere ovoid to hemispheric, the bracts narrow. Ray-flowers with con- 
spicuous yellow ligules. Disk-corollas with a narrow funnelform throat. An- 
her-appendages lanceolate.  Stigmas subulate. Achene somewhat turgid, 
ellipsoid or obovoid, 3-5-nerved. Pappus double, of numerous PAN the outer 
series very short and seale-ike.—About 20 species, North Ameriean.—Mostly 
sum.—fall.—GOLDEN-ASTERS. 
Plant perennial: achene 3—5-nerv A u 
Bracts of the ie ep laD oU I. AE. 
Bracts of the involucre &landular or cobwebby. 
Bracts of the n volucre copiously aadar, without 
E ha II. MARIANAE. 
Br nee s of the anole with abe hairs. III. PILOSAE. 
Plant annual, with a tap-root: achene 10-nerved. IV. NUTTALLIANAE. 
I. TRICHOPHYLLAE 
Bracts of the involucre prolonged into subulate tips. 1. C. subulata. 
Bracts of the involuere acute, mucronate, or short-acuminate. 
Cauline leaves, at least the lower ones, with spatulate, 
elliptic, or elliptic-lanceolate blades. 
Braci of the involucre acute or short-acuminate. 2. C. trichophylla.. 
Za of the involucre abruptly pointed or mucro- 
3. C. gigantea. 
Cauline. Teves with narrowly linear blades. 4. C. hyssopifolia. 
II. MARIANAE 
Pubescence deciduous : foliage rough-glandular 5. C. scabrella. 
Pubescence persistent: foliage smooth on soft ‘glandular. 
Bracts of the involucre 1 mm. wide o 
Stem and leaves cobwebby- 2D A ud 6. C. mariana, 
Stem and leaves white cottony-lanate. 
Peduneles cottony-lanate and with some glands 
He er the in voluere. 1. C. arenicola. 
Hn only glandular 
Bra of the in 2o cre acuminate recurved: 
Pa conspicuously E 8. C. lanuginosa. 
Bracts of the involucre acute, ect: inflores- 
cence inconspicuously glandula 9. C. floridana. 
.Braets of the involucre 2 mm. wide or more, | 10. C. latisquama. 
III. PILOSAE 
Peduncles glandular: bracts of the involucre sparingly cob- 
webby. 11. C. decumbens. 
Peduncles densely villous-cobwebby: bracts of the involucre 
densely, villous-cobwebby. 12. C. pilosa. 
IV. "VILLOSAE 
Plant pubescent, the stem simple below the inflorescence or 
sometimes branehed throughout. 13. C. Nuttallii. 
1. C.subulata Small. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, short cobwebby: blades of the basal 
leaves m narrowly spatulate, those of the cauline c spatulate to linear, Bonds 
entire oe 6-8 mm. long; bracts with curved or bent caudate tips: achene 
1.5- 2 m long.—Pinelands and So pen. Fla. and 
rarely N Fla ——BSpr.-fall or all year 
2. C. trichophylla Nutt. Stem 3-11 dm. tall, more 
or less long cobwebby, at least when young: blades 
leaves broadly spatulate, those of the 
e ic-obo i 
, lands, Coastal Plain, Fla. to S. C. 
and Miss., (La.?) 
