1348 CARDUACEAE 
Internodes of the stem prominently LA below the leaves, 
(the leaves being decurrent) : eaf-blades very rough 
(retrorsely scabrous) ab : 
Involucre broadly campanulate, 4.5-5 m high, abou 
t 3 
mm. thick: achene two- thirds le eneth P" the Sus 31. S. rigida. 
Involucre campanulate to narrowly campanulate, 4 mm. 
high, 2.5 mm. thick; achene equalling the pappus. . 32. S. salicina. 
XI. SEMPERVIRENTE 
Plant without long horizontal stolons: basal rosettes large and conspicuous: 
leaves gradually much reduced upwards; blades Ho. DIC. -ribbed, not pellucid-punc- 
tate, not grayish-canescent, thick or fleshy, glabrous on both sides, entire, the midrib 
prominent, the lateral largely obscure, the veins prominent, the lower petioles 1-3 
spreading, the heads unilat nose, small to rather large, 5-9 high : 
stigmas flattened, longer than wide: achene silky-pubescent, obscurely or obsoletely 
ribbed, gray, or at maturity blackish, truncate at the apex. 33. S. mexicana. 
XII. NEMORALE 
Plants without long horizontal stolons: TD osettes Pau leaf-blades 
at least partially triple- ribbed : heads small or middle sized, 3-8 m . high, m 
ally racemose: stigmas triangular- lanceolate flattened ; achene Bede at least above 
Stem glabrous: branehes of Md glabrous: achene 
about equalling the pa 
Cauline leav es abruptly s mallee from near the base of the 
stem: involucral Brace with med midribs or rib- 
les involuere narrowly campanulate. 34. S. Gattingeri. 
Caubne leaves not abr ‘uptly smaller above the base of 
the st ed M E bracts with conspicuous mid- 
ribs rolucre eyli 35. S. pinetorum. 
Stems Gloss: o bran clos of inflore ce pubeseent : 
achene little more than Ts the length. of the pappus. 
Upro in es with oblanceola spatulate blades: in- 
anastomosing beneath; the hairs little pustular. 36. S. nemoralis, 
: i 7 b blade in 
Upper leaves with oval, ovate obovate S 
oluere turbinate, the pedicels strongly bracteolate 
involucral bra bb ru veins of  leaf-blades 
doi A anastomosing bene ; the hairs strongly 
pustu 31. S. radula. 
II. VERNAE 
Plant with long slender horizontal stolons: basal rosettes conspicuous : blades 
of the lower leav i Dd e S ovate-cordate blades ; not p. ren not pelluci id- 
punctate, firm, ate crenate-serrate, the not impre sea AE 
panieulate, the bee pm naked below, de "E he ads less un 
lateral: heads small to rather large, 5-8 m p ligules of tho ay Bright. Sellow, 
conspicuous: style not or but little exs serted : tigmas flattened, triangular: achene 
somewhat dilated upward, appressed-pubes 
Leaf-blades tomentose beneath; petioles strongly margined: 
involucre 4-4.5 mm. high. 
Leaf-blades oe poem margined above only; in- 
voluere 5-1 mm. hi ig 39. S. tarda. 
l V. PETIOLATAE 
Plant with long slender hori DUST stolons: basal rosettes conspicuous, the 
leaves mueh the larger: ieee abrupt and very conspicuously reduced upward; 
blades of the lower leaves with linear e pad 2 all blades firm, glabrous, 
not triple-ribbed, not pellucid punctate, entire allo wly crenate ser mo oe 
lateral veins 2 scarcely unc ed inflorese cd spi ike-li ze or wly 
ni 
38. S. verna. 
brous or nearly so: heads small to rather large, 5-9 m high ; style not or but 
little exserted: stigmas flattened, triangular: achene ican sparsely vibes scent, 
Heads numerous to very numerous: involucral bracts thin, 
except at the midrib, glabrate: blades of the basal 
leaf linear to oblong-elliptic n i ulate or lanceolate, 
aoe pid E markedly un 
He ow terminal Une. and secund at the 
en oo nal long branches: blades of ine lower 
gi leaves s shallowly crenate-serrate: ligules of the 
ray o 
one, . 40. S. gracillima, 
Heads in a a thyrse, the lower branches short, 
leaves entire, or shallowly crenate-serrate ray- -flowers 
several with conspicuous ligules 41. S. petiolata. 
s" 
