1364 CARDUACEAE 
3. S. acutisquamosus (Nash) Small. ped UE S. bifoliatus in habit: blades 
of the upper leaves elliptie- E 1-3.5 : involucre longer than that 
of S. bifoliatus; inner bracts linear: Jisk- stp less than 6.5 mm. lon 
anthers shorter than the E n —Pinelands, Fla.—Sum 
. S. asteroides (L.) B.S.P. Stem pubescent, 3- i pis tall: blades of the 
upper leaves ovate, elliptie-ovate, or lanceolate, 1.5 ong: involucre 6-9 
g; inner TO i 
mm. ] ; bracts broadl LE rough dor) e disk-corollas 5-6 
m. an Pd whitish, 6-8 m ppus brownish. [S. conyzoides 
Nees. |— r sandy, us ually ary, woods and thickets, various ae, 
Fla. to m "Ohio and Me.—Sum 
38. ASTER [Tourn.] L.I Perennial herbs, various in habit, or rar a 
nua l, occasionally shrubby or spinescent. Leaves e blades broad o 
0 ] 
often horizontal and bearing for several years a subterminal tuft o 
Lower, middle and upper cauline leaves often gradually transitional to each 
other in form, often of dissimilar types. Heads with bo 
th tubular and radiate 
flowers, either corymbed 
d ul 
, racemed, or panicled and borne on erect, spreading 
or secund ultimate branchlets. Involuere hemispheric, campanulate, cylindric, 
shorter than the inner 
at or toward the a eceptacle flat or convex, alveolate and often ay 
fimbrillate. Ray i pistillate, with white, pink, purple, blue, or violet 
ligules. Disk-flowers aie consisting of a tubular base (the tube), swollen 
above into a throat and 5 short lobes: disks -o ddl usually e 
to red, brown, or purple. pl nes attened ipi Or 
Pappus-bristles usually numerous, un in one series or rarely in two 
series, the tips of the inner ones sometimes thickened.—A bout 250 species, mostly 
North American.—ASTERS. 
columnar o 
upper cauline jns Tor perioled or an sessile or o GaS pine 
Blades of the leaves petiole sessile, not clas 
igules of the ray white or occasionally ro i 
tho f the anes foliage (except in A. 
mirabilis) glandular. 
Radical leaves with blades smaller than those of 
the eauline: foliage not glandular. III. HETEROPHXLLI. 
po of the upper cauline leaves sessile and cordate 
asping. 
No leaves | at once with cordate and definitely petioled 
l 
Blades, at least of the lower leaves abruptly narrowed 
or constricted below the middle, the Bg ee 
II. MACROPHYLLI. 
IV. DIVERSIFOLII 
Plant herbaceous, neither woody nor vi V. PUNICEI. 
lant a woody, QI or climbing vi VI. CAROLINIANI. 
Blades a the leaves not abruptly nar 
stricted below the middle, either clasping, sessile 
or urs -petiole 
Blades of the cauline Ee with cordate or auricu- 
late-clasping bas 
Chief pr Bes rigid, closely appressed 
unless at ey EU 
Stem ER bro below the  inflorescence 
ie usse cut in No. 40): leaves 
sleek or subsucculent. VII. LAEVES. 
"hes treatment of the late Edward Sandford Burgess, revised in 
part for vm hii work by Edward Johnston Alexander 
