CARDUACEAE 
Stem and leaves pubescent with ond oo 
eer involucral bracts thin, loosely appressed 
nd at least the upper half spreading, 
Blades DE the cauline leaves ee narrowed or 
nded at the base, bu lasping. 
Dene es not fleshy or a 
poc and lower cauline leaves nop grass-like. 
in o 
Leaf-blades silky or canescent 'on both 
sides, short, entire or nearly so. 
Leaf-blades glabrous or pubescent, but 
not silky or canescent. 
Blades of the basal narnia nar- 
rowed to winged petio 
Ane of the leaf- blades petioled. 
n 
not arranged uni- 
Jaterally on s Me 
ue oo a acute 
in 
Plants relatively tall, 
spreading ee ae nif- 
erous rootsto 
Plants s relatively d Io: not 
bracts with obtus- 
ish or merely acute 
tips. 
Involucral bracts very ob- 
tuse, au -pointed. 
Inflorescence uch branched, 
but the Beads in unilaterally 
race mo arran 
EE in term MU. " ümbelliké 
Leaf- blades Ds My entire, linear-lance- 
olate 
Leaf- blades coarsely toothed, broadly 
ae n to broadly elliptic e, acu- 
na 
Basal and lower cauline leaves grass-like. 
Leaf-bla Re entire or sparingly hack-ser- 
rate ove. 
Leaf-blades with eral spinuliform 
eeth, cig aya Ne nnt E base. 
Leaves o or succulent. 
Stem solitary, NA its base not woody : 
nt unarmed. 
Plant perennial: heads mostly over 12 
vide. 
Plant . 2uno ds heads less than 10 mm. 
Stems rush-li ke, several from a woody base: 
plant spine-armed. 
. DIVARICATI 
Dominant leaves with long-acuminate blades, the teeth 
very sharp: inflorescence broadly corymbose 
Blades of the dominant leaves incurved- acuminate, the 
teeth very salient, curving bud 
im sd of the dominant leaves me ate- lanceolate, 
those of the upper axile leaves short or not 
exeun prolonged. 
Blades of the omnt Jeaves more elliptic, larger, 
E. er, those of the upper axiles or some of them 
reatly prolonge 
Blades "of the domine leaves straight- acuminate, the 
teeth straight-backed. 
Dominant leaves not c c nae 
Inflorescence-clusters convex. 
Sinus (of cordated ee deep, enlarged: leaf- 
blades aa lanceolate, curvescent- serrate: disk 
often crims 
N 
VIII. 
"A 
pad 
XIII. 
EN 
v xs 
1365 
PATENTES. 
. SQUARROSI. 
. SERICEI. 
. SPECTABILES. 
. PANICULATI. 
RAMOSISSIMI. 
. DUMOSI. 
. MULTIFLORI. 
7I. DIFFUSI. 
. PTARMICOIDES. 
. ACUMINATI. 
. PALUDOSI. 
. ERYNGIIFOLII. 
. TENUIFOLII. 
. SUBULATI. 
. SPINOSI. 
. divaricatus. 
. tenebrosus. 
9. A. 
stilettiformis. 
excavatus. 
