CARDUACEAE 1395 
40. IONACTIS Greene. Perennial, low, rigid, widely creeping herbs. 
Leaves alternate: blades narrow, entire. Heads few in a corymb or rarely 
solitary, conspicuously radiate. Involueres 
eampanulate to turbinate, many- 
bracts narrow, the inner ones eal times 
longer than the outer. Ray-flowers several, 
with bright-colored elongate ligules.  Disk- 
corollas yellow, with a slende 
Pappus of slender bristles in 2 indistinct 
series, the outer bristles the shorter.—Three 
species, North American. 
I. Pepe (L.) Gre Stem 
tufte d, 1.5-6 dm. tall, rough- pubescent: lea. 
blades — ‘spatula te ae i 1.5-3 
long, seabro argined: ee acts of the ane narrowly linear, 
long: ligules Bright. Mo Or ee white, 8-15 mm. long. [Aster linariifolius 
L. ]— Exposed Vern dry acid woods, pe plains and pinelands, various 
provinces, Fla. to Tex., Minn., and Me AN um.— 
41. ERIGERON L. Annual, biennial, or NIME eaulescent, aster-like 
herbs. Leaves alternate, sometimes mostly basal: blades entire or toothed. 
Heads solitary or numerous, conspicuously PN Involueres broad, many- 
flowered: bracts narrow, the inner broader than the outer ones. Ray-flowers 
las 
numerous: corol with a slender tube and a narrow pink, pe purple, or 
white ligule. Disk-corollas with a funnelform throat and a usually shorter 
tube: lobes deltoid. nthers usually as long as the filaments. EUR short. 
Pa of numerous capillary bristles or bristles and scales.—About 130 species, 
widely distributed, but most abundant in America.—FLEABANES. 
Plant perennial often with rosulate offsets; pappus single. 
Heads with 30 ray-flowers or fewer: stem oe -like. I. VERNI. 
Heads sid 50 ray-flowers or more: stem leafy. 
Ray-flowers less than 75; ligules narrowly 1 linear. II. PULCHELLI. 
Ray-flowers over 100; ligules linear-filifor III. PHILADELPHICI. 
Plant annual or biennial: pappus double IV. ANNUI. 
J. VERNI 
Plant glabrous, with a corymb terminating the scape. 1. E. vernus. 
I. ULCHELLI 
Plant pubescent, with one or several large heads terminating 
the stem. 2. E. pulchellus. 
III. e 
Longer involucral bracts less pre 5 mm. lon ee of the 
ray-flowers less than 5 mm. . E. quercifolius. 
Longer involueral bracts over 4 n long: ligules of the ray- 
fl 's over 5 mm. lon 
EN 
. E. philadelphicus. 
Upper stem-leaves with sharply toothed blades: ray-flowers 
with pink, or rarely purplish or white ligules. 5. E.annuus. 
Upper stem-jieaves with entire blades: ray-flowers with white 
or rarely pale pink ligules. 6 
1. E. vernus (L.) T. & G. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glabrous or nearly so: blades 
of the basal leaves spatulate, elliptic X or oval: ray- d. "20-30, white or 
. E. ramosus. 
