CARDUACEAE 1407 
tubes and white, greenish, or pale-yellow, wide ligules. Disk-flowers with long 
abortive ovaries, the corollas with broadly funnelform ads and relatively 
Sti h 
long, ciliate lobes igma stout, thickened under the tip. nther-body 
eae than the appendage. Achene slightly mu not oblique, 
cibbed, with a rounded tip. Pappus wanting.—About 10 species, 
Bar du cR iieudn PS 
Foliage manifestly or copiously pubescent: achene 3-ribbed or angled. 
Ray lon 1 
-flowers evident; ligules 5~10 mm. long. . P. radiata 
R wers inconspicuous ; ligules 1-2 mm. lon D canadensis. 
Foliage glabrous or the stem with merely a nodes: 
achene 5-ribbed. 3. P. laevigata. 
radiata (A. Gray) Small. Stem 5-15 dm. tall: leaves 1.5-3 dm. lon g; 
blades “elliptic to oval or elliptic-ovate: intermediate bracts of the involucre 
long-acuminate: ligules of the ray 
ins conspicuous cuneate to oval- rA 
b 
achene about 5 mm. long, sharp-angled.— 
Rich woods, often over E roeks, 
s provinees N of Coastal Plain, Ga. 
to p ges a N. Y. 
. P. canadensis L. Stem 5-15 dm. tall: 
leaves 1-2 dm. long; blades elliptie, MA 
ovate: intermediate o of the 
lue eost -acuminate: ligules of the pus 
greenish As Mercer ineonspieuous, PE ae 
mis achene 3 mm. lon 
ang led a pde s ravines, ‘ties, 
and aul us provinces, rarely Coa 
tal Plain, La. to Mo., Ont., and Vt. 
P. laevigata Beadle. Stem 5-12 dm. tall: leaves 1-2.5 dm. long; blades 
oval to ovate or deltoid: intermediate bracts of the e acute: ligules of 
the ray, white, broad: achene barely 3 mm long.—Mt. Tos in somewhat 
acid soil over ‘siliceous ated Apnea: Plateau, Ga. 2d Ten 
58. ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank. Annual, coarse herbs. Leaves 
opposite: blades broad, toothed. Heads un dier oe radiate. Involuere 
Pih bracts of the inner series becoming bur-like, each one surrounding an 
ene. Ligu los of the ray-corollas concave or hooded, deed inconspicuous 
ui short pubeseent tubes. Disk flowers with long abortive ovaries, the corollas 
with campanulate throats. short tubes, and lobes. Achene slightly flattened, 
fusiform or obovoid, smooth. Pappus wanting.—About 3 species, tropical 
American.—Spr.—fall 
Involucral bracts uni iformly prickly : oan not broadly winged. 1. A. australe. 
Es dem wing-petioled, incised: involucral bracts 3-4 mm. 
2. A. humile. 
ion ae sessile by a cuneate base: involucral bracts 4-5 
. lon 3. A. hispidum, 
A. australe (L.) Kuntze. Stem branched at the base, the branches 
prostrate or creeping: leaf-blades ovate, oval, or rhombic, 1-2.5 em. long: disk- 
