CARDUACEAE 
Blades of the basal leaves deeply lobed or parted: 
Blades oH pedately lobed: involucre about 1. 
em. 
Blades s pinnately lobed or pinnate: involucre 1-1.5 
Heads small; involucre about 1 mm. broad. 
Leaf-blades very scabrous: bracts of the 
involucre with spreading or recurved tips. 
Leaf-blades smooth or nearly so: bracts of 
the involucre with erect or appressed tips. 
Heads rather large: involucre about 2 em. broad. 
Basal a with Pu as long as the 
ades longer: apical tips of the 
Achene me obtus 
Basal leaves with Dooies oy half as 
long as the blades: eal tips of the 
achene-wings acute. 
Heads large, the involucre e 2 em. broad: ligules of 
e ray-flowers 1. Cu long 
Leaf-blades merely t oothed. 
uter bracts of the involucre broader than long: 
leaf-blades narrowed at the base 
Outer bracts of the involucre aé than broad: 
leaf-blades cordate. 
Leaf-blades pinnatifid, except a form with narrow 
undulate-toothed or undulate leaf-blades, 
IV. DENTATA 
Leaves, at least on the lower part of the stem, whorled 
in threes. 
Leaves alternate or opposite, often both on the same 
plant. 
Blades of the basal and lower V leaves narrowed 
a e base; those of the upper cauline leaves 
short-petioled or sessile, 
Stem smooth and glabrous or essentially so, ex- 
cept sometimes near the to 
Leaf-blades smooth ex 
slightly scabrous. 
Leaves regularly disposed along the stem; 
blades smoo 
Leaves "nainiy crowded at the base of the 
stem ; blades seabrous nr is edges. 
Leaf-blades very POEM pubes 
Leaf-blades entir 
the margins, or 
Leaf-bl see coarsely toothed. 
Stem e ent. 
Lea mam cauli ine, often numerous on the 
ot 
haped sinus at the top, 
wings produced into two teeth 
above the 
Leaves a ous, usually 
scattered along “the pe ofte en rallies 
close together; blades short-petioled 
or sessile. 
Leaves few, usually remote on the stem ; 
blades of the upper ones, m petiole- 
like b wer ones more or 
1 a 
Achene truncate at the apex, the very nar- 
rov wings not produced into teeth at the 
ex. 
leno: mainly basal or approximate at the 
base of the stem, the stem with few re- 
mote opposite or alternate leaves, often 
oe -like: achenes with large api ical 
Blades” 
toothed: achenes 7-8 m ng. 
Blades of the a leaves v toothed : 
achenes 9-10 m ng. 
m of the basal and low ra cauliüs leaves cordate 
r truncate at the base; those of the upper elie 
leaves manifestly petioled. 
89 
the basal enn Acn coarsely 
1409 
. S. compositum. 
e 
Uo 
. lapsuum. 
. S. orae. 
T. S. ovatifolium. 
oo 
e 
. S. venosum. 
. S. rumicifolium. 
10. S. terebinthinaceum. 
11. S. pinnatifidum. 
n 
bo 
. S. térifoliatum. 
13. S. glabrum. 
14. S. confertifolium. 
15. S. Elliottii, 
16. S. dentatum. | 
17. S. Asteriscus. 
v 
RA 
22. 
S. Simpsonii. 
. S. nodum. 
S. incisum. 
. S. gracile. 
S. brachiatum. 
