1419 CARDUACEAE 
11. S. pinnatifidum Ell Stem 5-30 dm. tall, EAR blades of the basal 
leaves e or pinnatoly parted, the segm or i E or rarely 
some of them dE e petioles shorter pr the tie: s showy: 
ue hemispheric, 2-3 em. broad; bracts various, the outer puc A 
the nd elli Lr to “elliptic EA gee P as long as the outer, ali 
obtuse: ray-flowe iac t ligules ye ellow, 1.5-2 em. loi ng: achene cuneate to 
obov s -euneate or eun e; 9- 10 mm. lon ng, wit E small ia at the we age 
grounds, Appa ee an provinces and ud ud ied teaus, Ga. to Eu , and 
Ohio.—Sum.— appar extreme form with n un ceolate) u 
toothed or und lenf- blades is $. pc T N Canby ($. A Hea 
Canby, not Nutt 
12. S. ere L. Stem 9-22 dm. tall glabrous, glaucous: leaves in 
whorls of 3, or ely opposite or oao s blades lanceo s to ovate- 
lanceolate or nee -lanceolate, 8-20 em. long, motely serrate or nearly entire, 
acute or slightly acuminate, a on both sides: heads s Bs or numerous, 
rather showy: involuere eampanulate, m mm. high; braets ovate to ovate- 
lance pu and a a the se n lax mewhat spreading, ee the 
outer acutish, the inner obtuse: nr pode few; dun. ellow, 2—2.5 . Ion 
achene po Or elliptic. preda , 8-10 mm. lo ong, narrowly eed Tes wing- 
tips often toothed.—Hillsides, in que soil, various provinces, rarely Coasta 
wa Ala. to Ohio, Pa., and Md.—A form with scabrous-pubescent stems occurs 
n S. C. 
abrum Eggert. Stem 9-15 dm. tall, oon often glaucescent: 
except along the rgins: d ev m invol ampanulate, 9-12 
mm. high; braets elliptie- Baur to ovate or elliptic, sae Saree es 
ing at the tip or slightly re i : ay. -flowers M ligul es yellow 
long: achene obovate, 1-9 i ong, rather narrowly wir aged, [um m 
tips short with acute or ms ds pun ^ ry soil various provinces, E 
Coastal Plain, Ga. to Miss., Tenn., and N. C.—Sum.-fall. 
14. S. confertifolium Small. Stem 1-6 dm. tall, glaucous, smooth and 
glabrous: leaves mainly on the lower o a stem, and E e approximated 
or erowded at the base; bla d firm, ellipti ovate-lanceolat "6- 12 cm. long, 
aeute or eR c 2 e enti ire or shalloviy to Or iu pre 
except near the c mpanulate, 7—10 m high; braets broadly 
ovate, elliptie or “elliptic. ies i, somewhat enda obtuse, merely ciliate, 
ips a 
m. long: achene orbicular-cuneate to orbicular-obova -8 mm. long, 
margined, the ae ascending.—Dry soil, Choctaw Co., "on the Coastal 
Plain of Ala.; also Ga.(?)—Sum. 
15. = dm Small. Stem 8-13 dm. tall, glabrous, often red or reddish: 
leaves altern or few sometimes opposite; blades lanceolate to broad:r elliptic- 
Dao elliptic e or rarely oval, 6—12 cm. long, entire, or occasionally 
with few indistinct teeth, conspicuously ciliate; petioles of the lower leaves 
more conspicucusly ciliate than the blades: heads showy, often in terminal 
- 2 i 
elusters: RE —12 mm. high; bracts ovate or ovate-elliptie to sub- 
orbieular and obovate, merely arn obtuse, or the outer sometimes acutish: 
ema several; s ules 1.5-2 em. long, yello ow: lens obovate or cuneate- 
obovate, 7—10 mm. long, narrow ps winged, the wing-tips short, broad, rather 
wi idey separated. —Dry soil, woods and river- pas Coastal Plain and adj. 
provinces, Ga. to Ala., and 'N. C.—Sum 
16. S. dentatum Ell. Stem 6-15 dm. tall, glabrous, or sparingly pubescent 
near the top: leaves opposite or the upper rarely alternate, or in whorls of 3; 
