CARDUACEAE | 1417 
: NIA L.1 Annual or perennial, erect herbs, or shrubby plants. 
Leaves opposite: blades edi or sparingly toothed, 3-ribbed. Heads showy, 
on usually clavate pedun Involuere hemispheric to somewhat cylindric: 
bracts broad except ee inner elongate ones. Ray-flowers few: ligules red, 
purple, yellow, or variegated, conspicuous. Lobes of the disk-corollas lanceo- 
late to linear, ciliate. Anthers shorter than the filaments, the appendages 
deltoid or pade. Achene of the ray 3-angled. Pappus of 1-few awns, or 
wanting. —About 15 species, natives of western America. 
Involucre cylindric-campanulate: chaff of the receptacle with erose or lacerate tips. 
1. Z. ord. . 
Involucre a chaff of the receptacle with long-fringed, 
appendage-like tip 2. Z. elegans. 
Il - eee L. Stem 1-6 dm. tall: leaf-blades linear-elliptie to ovate, 2—5 
ong: outer braets of the involuere ia the inner braets linear- ‘elliptic 
5a Pon broadened upward, 11-13 mm 
long: ligules of the ray 10-15 mm. long: 
lobes of the disk-corollas linea ar. LZ. K 
f reir ae Fla. to 
Nat. of trop. A „ but Pea a: in 
= Ñ: c. 
Sum.-fall. ' 
2. Z. elegans Jaeq. Stem 1-6 dm. tall: 
leaf-blades e to ovate, 2-10 em. long: 
the 
Mex. and S. A., and widely cult. (Wf. l; a. S. A.)—Sum.-fall. The com- 
mon zinnia of gardens is a cultivated form of Z. elegans, eun es hybridized 
ith Z. pauciflora and other species, as is shown by the varying shape of the 
involuere as well as the color of the ray-flowers 
64. HELIOPSIS L. Perennial or rarely annual, Helianthus-like herbs. 
Leaves opposite: blades serrate, petioled. Heads showy. Involucre flattish: 
ets in 2 or 3 series, the outer more or less spreading.  Ray-flowers several: 
Pues yellow, conspicuous. Disk-eorollas longer than the ovaries. Stigmas 
long. Achene of the ray with a pappus of 2-4 teeth or a crown , or the 
pappus rac 6 species, American.—Spr.-fall.—Ox-EYES. 
Foliage, especially the leaf-blades, very scabrou 1. H. scabra. 
Foliage, especially the leaf- -blades, smooth or NN slightly 
rous. i l 
Heads usually over 1 cm. high: achene glabro 2. H. helianthoides. 
err canned less than 1 cm. high: achene | pubescent 
. H. minor. 
1. H. scabra Dunal. Stem 8-14 dm. tall: leaf-blades thick, deltoid or 
broadly Bn die 5-15 em. long, serrate, cuneate to eee at t the base 
1 Revised oy Edward Johnston Alexander. 
