1422 CARDUACEAE 
em. long: heads vut outer braets of the E linear or linear maven 
6-10 mm. long, acuminate: ligules 1-2 cm. long: achene 2.5-3 long. 
[Gymnolomia Porters iA. Gray. nee outcrops, Stone Mt. and vicinity in 
the Piedmont of Ga.—Sum.-fal 
71. RUDBECKIA L.1 Perennial or sometimes annual or biennial, often 
pubescent herbs. Leaves alternate: blades entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. 
Heads erect. Involucre hemispheric or depressed, many-flowered: bracts 
reading or reflexed, often unequal. Receptacle conic or convex. Ray-flowers 
deltoid or ovate. Anthers longer than the filaments. Achene 4-angled, flat- 
topped. Pappus s a low erown or obsolete. —About 40 species, North 
Ameriean.—CONE-FLOWER 
Stigmas with short obtuse tips: pappus present e e in R. mollis. 
Chaff of the receptacle acute, mucronate or obtus 
Chaff canescent or pubescent at the apex 
Leaf-blades, at least those of the lower leaves, 
deeply lobed or divided. I. LACINIATAE. 
Leaf- m entire or merely toothed. 
Disk globose-ovoid, ovoid- iode or hemispheric: 
Slate puse cent: eorolla-lobes reflexed after 
anthes II. HELIOPSIDES. 
Disk come or conic-cylindric uc maturity : 
plant glabrous: corolla-lobes erect after 
anthesis. III. LAEVIGATAE. 
Chaff cl or fimbriate, denticulate or entire at the 
Chaif ciliate or fimbriate. IV. FULGIDAE. 
Chaff with entire, hyaline, or erose-denticulate 
ips. 
Leaf-blades various, but not elongate-linear. A A 
Leaf-blades elongate- -linear VI. GRAMINIFOLIAE. 
Chaff of the receptacle aristate or fubito: VII. TRILOBAE. 
Stigmas n slender a AR tips: pappus wanting. 
Plant annual or bie VIII. BICOLORES. 
Plant Decus HinT 
I. LACINIATAE 
Plant glabrous or glabrate. 1. R. laciniata. 
Plant cinereous- -pubescent. 
Disk greenish-yellow 9. R. heterophylla. 
Disk brown-purple, anise-scented. 3. R.subtomentosa. 
II. HELIOPSIDES 
Cauline leaves with petioled blades 
Heads small, the disk about 1 cm. in diameter. 4. R. Heliopsidis. 
Heads large, the disk 1.5—2.5 cm. in diameter. 
Stem oo or A 5. R. alismaefolia. 
Stem hispid or scabro 6. R. grandiflora. 
Cauline leaves with closely ceils or pariy clasping blades. T. R. llis. 
LAEVIGAT 
Leaves glaucous; blades oa. broadly Ren or Tee. 8. R. maxima, 
Bene lustrous; blades narrow 
eaf-blades ESL a. to "Janceolate-elli iptie 9. R. nitida. 
Tent blades elongate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, at- 
tenuate at Both € nds. 10. R. glabra. 
IV. FULGIDAE 
Blades of the basal and lower cauline leaves cordate or trun- 
cate. 
Chaff of the disk 1.5-2.5 mm. wide, densely ciliate at the 
ip. R. umbrosa. 
Chaff of the disk narrower, sparsely ciliate at the tip 12: R. Chapmanii. 
1 Contributed by Charles Lawrence Boyntor and Chauncy Delos Beadle. 
