1428 CARDUACEAE 
somewhat foliaceous bracts which are ulti- 
ely reflexed. ay-flowers few: ligules 
yellow, drooping, fa discolored. Disk- 
flowers crowded: rollas relatively long 
with a short tube e a longer throat, ulti- 
mately deciduous, leaving the erect cone-like 
isk. Anthers usually about as long as the 
filaments. Stigmas slender. Achene terete, 
striate and  transverse-wrinkled. Pappus 
wanting.—One species. 
- 1. D. amplexicaulis (Vahl) Cass. Stem 
3-7 dm. tall: stem- uia bg em. lon ne, f ini 
blades of the upper ovate to 
laneeolate, sometimes shallowly toothed: "rats of the involucre 6-10 mm. long: 
ligules of the ray-flowers broad, 10— m. long: disk-corollas 3.5—4 mm. long: 
achene 2 mm. long.—Moist, rich "n Coastal Plain, Ga. to Tex. Introduced 
eastward.—Spr.-sum. 
3. RATIBIDA Raf. Annual, biennial, or perennial, pubescent herbs. 
Leaves alternate: blades pinnately parted or divided, or lyrate. Heads erect, 
usually showy. Involucre flat: bracts mostly spreading or reflexed, narrow. 
Ray-flowers several: ligules broad or narrow, often discolored. Disk-flowers 
crowded on the elongate receptacle: corollas stout, with a very short tube and 
deltoid 
a longer rage! wide throat; lobes ovate or oid. Anthers longer than 
the filaments. Stigmas stout or slender. Achene flattened, margined or 
winged, m with bractlets. Pappus of 2 awns or wanting.—About 6 
species, North American 
m a lanceolate-subulate tips: ligules of the ray elongate, linear Es linear- 
1. R. pinnata 
Stizmas p short obtuse tips: ligules of the ray relatively 
short, elliptie to oval. . R. columnaris. 
1. R. pinnata (Vent.) Barnhart. Stem FT and scabrous, 6-15 dm. i 
often with elongate branches: leaves 5-20 em. long; blades pinnately 3—7-folio 
often pales veo soil, various provinces, 
Fla. to Tex., Ia., and N. Y.—Sum.-fall. 
2. R. columnaris (Sims) D. Don. Stem 3- 
7 dm. tall, scabrous-strigose, da Seen i 
at the base and sometimes abov s 5- 
2 em. long; blades pinnately pes the 
gments mostly linear, lanee À b 
lanceolate, often pinnati r 3-el 
heads showy: disk cylindric or columnar, 
2.5-4 em. long: ray-flowers few; ligules yel- 
low. (or brown-purple at es pos in È. PUO pulcherrima), 2—4 cm. long, 
drooping: achene 2-2.5 m —(NIGGER-HEAD)— Dry soil, p plains, 
and hills, Tenn. to Tex., Ariz. E and Minn.—Sum.-fall —Olten c 
