. 1440 CARDUACEAE 
Me H. divaricatus - Perennial, with numerous rootstocks 1-7 dm. long 
f oots: stem simple to the inflorescence, or very vigorous D. often 
MEN pur ode. usually purple if exposed to the sun, enlar and 
ry TO v road, round at the base, subsessile, rough above, sparingly 
pubeseent beneath, with remote, long, ascendi irs, divaricate: infl cence 
a single, terminal head or else me: heads not very wy; bracts of the 
Didi: tips: ray-flowers with narrow ligules about 2.0 em. lon ng: disk about 1 e 
width, its corolla yellow.—Dry woods and old fields, various os Fla. 
" La., Man., Ont., and Me. 
35. H. saxicola Small. Perennial: stem slender, 0.8—1.5 high, g D 
glaucous, reddish, simple; leaf arrangement unstable, Slate or opposite 
he base to a short disti 
petiole 2-3 em. long, dark-green and a above, paler and glabrous pep. 
the main veins sometimes slightly short-hispid: inflorescence solitary o w- 
flowered: heads showy; epe of the involucre broadly pco a little M 
than the disk, glabrous or subglabrous, somewhat reflexed: ray-flowers wit 
ligules 2-2.5 em. long: disk pde 1.5 em. wide, its corollas yellow.—Rocky and 
sandy soil, Blue Ridge, Ga. to N. C. 
36. H. tuberosus L. Tall, perennial, with tuber-bearing rootstocks: stem 
simple or branched, robust, T rough, often 2-3 em. thick at the base, light- 
green: leaves alternate above middle of the stem, in plants o all op- 
posite: blades ovate, thinnis A short -hispid dE short- miae: beneath, Pa to 
the d bc ‘contracted ae w to a diim ed petiole, 10—20.0 em. long 
inflorescence paniculate: heads ae showy: um of the in dee jio s 
or linear lanceolate, sparingly pubescent, often glabrous, nd ips recurv- 
ing slightly, very dark ray-flowers with ligu s 2.5-4 em. long: disk 
relatively small, rarely Ton ope l em. wide, the dE corolla yellow.— (ARTI- 
M-ARTI CHOKE.)—Mois Or 2 rich soil, various provinces, 
Fla. Sask., Ont., and N. S.—The plant is commonly cultivated for its 
edible. a which e near for its wide distribution. as it is native only in 
the western part of its range. 
37. H. strumosus L.  Perenni ial, with an often very long branched s 
Stoek, the roots coarse: stem tall, erect, glabrous or subgl poids sometim 
little pubescent toward the apex , mostly si mple, sometimes, when very vigo ioe 
n bra Bn s leaves mostly o opposite: blades broadly per ie iE 
te, acum t the apex, serrate or serrulate, rounded at the base, the 
petiole ur p 10-15 cm. long, ee 'setose above, the strumae 
becoming conspicuously white in dry specimens, much paler beneath, and (in 
the southern states) pubescent beneath only on the main veins: inflorescence 
cymose, bra 0 lr ae all opposite: ray-flowers with 
ligules 2-3 em. long: disk 1-2 wi its corollas yellow: bracts of the 
involucre E lanceolate; pm usd glabrous, never more than very 
sparingly pubescent, ciliate, loose but erect —Dry woods, hillsides, and fields, 
arious provinces, Ga. to Ark., Minn., and Me. 
38. H. reindutus (Steele) E. E. Watson. Perennial with rootstocks 7—8 cm. 
long, the erown buds numerous: stem reddish, especially above, glabrous, 
rarely a little rough, 1—2 m. high: leaves Spat or sometimes alternate above; 
blades lanceolate, serrulate, narrowly sessile, firm, glabrous or remotely nee 
above, very remotely scabrous beneath, the scabra usually = rge and blun os 
MEL usually appresse ee -ciliate below: inflorescence a 2 ely 
branched, open panicle, the branches very slender: heads 2. braets of p 
Seaside n. ppm Tue the disk, loose, often reflexed, scarcely ciliate: 
