CARDUACEAE 1441 
disk 1—1.5 em. wide, its florets yellow.—Woods and shale-barrens, Blue Ridge and 
Appalachia ns N. C. a nd Va.—Similar to H. laevigatus, but differs by its profuse 
inflorescence, and its pubescent leaves. 
39. H. hirsutus Raf. Perennial, with stout abundant profusely branched 
rootstocks 1-3 dm. long: stem stout, 0.5-1.7 m. hi igh, hispid, often branched, 
the pubescence spreading or retrorse: leaves opposite ; blades ovate to o vate- 
lanceolate, thick, rounded or obtuse at the base, on shor rt, stout RA oles 1- 2 em 
long, m diis above, hispid-hirsute, often densely beneath: «do coh nce 
e, its branches rarely more than 10-15 em. long: braets of the involucre 
Ioue M OU very loose, longer than the disk di nda densely hispidu- 
lous: dci eaa with oval ligules 2 em. long: disk 1-2 em. wide, its corollas 
yellow.—Open, often rocky Didi river-banks, prairies, b old fields, various 
provinces, Ga. to Tex., Kans., Wisc., and Pa. 
40. H. doronicoides Lam.  Perennial, wit stout rootstocks with 
woody roots: stem stout, 1-2 m. high, usually prd softly DL d leaves 
ea 
eneath: infl 
peduncle 1-4-flow re bracts of the pai: linear-lan ceolate, loose, reflexed, 
longer than the disk, densely pubescent: ray-flowers with oval ligule s, 2-3 em. 
ong light-yellow: disk about 1.7 em. wide, its corollas yellow, the lobes puberu- 
nt.—River ee prairies, is woods, various provinces, Ala. to Ark. 
Mo. a nd Ohio 
H. resinosus Small. Perennial: stem 1-2 m. high, slender retrorsely 
hispid: cdd e below but alternate above, or in small plants all oppo- 
site; blades r oblong-ovate, narrowly sessile, us d with rather long 
hairs above, nte. but not densely so, and copiously resin-dotted beneath. 
thin in te xture: heads few on long pe eduncles, either cymose or paniculate: 
bracts of the involucre linear-lanceolate, longer than the disk, reflexed, pubes- 
cent, resin-dotted: ray- bou with ligule es 2-2.5 em. long: disk 1-1.6 em. wide, 
its corollas yellow, both rays and disk florets copiously resin-dotted. —Woods, 
Fla. —Very similar " H. tomentosus but more delieat 
49. H. validus E. E. son. Perennial: stem slender, 1-2 m. high, branched 
toward the apex, dr with very fine scabra: leaves alternate ; blades broadly 
see -elliptic, obscurely serrulate, acute at both ends, 10- 
ous-setose above, sparingly hispi id and resin-dotted beneath: inflorescence 
3— rather large heads Me are solitary on leafy peduneles on the stem 
is branehes: braets of the involuere linear-lanceolate, sparingly short- o 
ent or puberulent, scarcely ciliate, rd than the di sk, loose but erect: ray- 
pecie with ligules 1.5 em. long: di sk 1.5—2 em. wide, its MEM yellow.—Blue 
Ridge, N. C. 
43. H. laetiflorus pad: Perennial, with numerous Br branched root- 
stocks: stem erect, rough but shining, 1-2 m. high, simple to the inflorescence: 
leaves opposite, or alternate on the upper part of stem in vigorous : 
stou 
cending, not very leafy branches, very handsome: bracts of the involucre 
ian d peda usually w ith 2-3 dark brown lines: ray-flowers 
with ligules em. long, deep-yellow: disk 1.5-2.5 cm. wide, its corollas 
yellow. ea Pu ud woods, and banks, various provinces, Ga. to Mo., and Ill. 
80. PHOEBANTHUS Blake. Perennial, Helianthus-like herbs, the stems 
arising from horizontal tubers. Leaves alternate or opposite: blades typically 
91 
