MELANTHACEJE. FROM THE GENETIC STANDPOINT. 1535 
at my disposal, and to Dr. J. M. Greenman for frequent consultations in 
connection with the systematic work. Mr. C. H. Thompson has kindly 
taken a number of photographs. At the University of California, through 
the kindness of Dr. W. A. Setchell and Dr. H. M. Hall, I was able to 
study the large collections of Californian Liliacez, and I am also indebted 
to Dr. Setchell for a fine series of photographs of herbarium specimens. 
1. TOFIELDIA, Huds. 
1. TorrELDIA PALUSTRIS, Huds. Fl. Angl. ed. 2, 157 (1778); Delar. in 
Redouté, Lil. v. t. 256 (1809) *. 
T. pusilla, Willd. in Mag. Gesells. Naturf. Fr. ii. (1808) 27. 
T. borealis, Wahlenb. Fl. Lapp. (1812) 89. 
Narthecium boreale, Wahlenb. in Nov. Act. Holm. xxvi. (1803) 24. 
N. alpinum, Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. i. (1803) 209. 
N. pusillum, Michx. l. c. 
Anthericum calyculatum, 3, Linn, Fl. Suec. ed. 2 (1755), 108. 
Greenland and Labrador to Alaska, south to Quebec, Lake Superior, and 
the Canadian Rockies. Also in Europe and Northern Asia. 
2. 'l'OFIELDIA CALYCULATA, Wahlenb. Veg. Helv. (1813) 68. 
Anthericum calyculatum, Linn. Sp. Pl. (1753) 311; Fl. Dan. (1766) t. 36 ; Linn, Fl. 
Lapp. (1792) 106, t. 10. f. 3; Smith, Engl. Bot. (1799) t. 536. 
Scheuchzeria Pseud- Asphodelus, Scop. Fl. Carn, i. (1772) 268. 
Narthecium calyculatum, All. Fl. Pedem. ii, (1785) 165 ; Lam. Encyc. iv. (1823) t. 268. 
Helonias borealis, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. (1799) 274. 
Hebelia allemanica, C. C. Gmel. Fl. Bad. ii. (1806) 118, t. 1. 
H. collina, C. C. Gmel. l. c. 
Europe. 
3. TorrELDIA STENOPETALA, Smith, in Trans. Linn. Soc. xii. (1817) 243, 
t. 8. f. 1. 
This species was founded on specimens collected by Kalm in North 
America, three of which are in the Linnean Herbarium. It has not been 
recorded since, but it seems probable that the species is distinct and that 
T. calyculata is exclusively European. Smith also described T. alpina as a 
species of the mountains of southern Europe, which is distinguished from 
T. palustris by being much larger in all its parts. At the same time he 
united T. calyculata with T. palustris. Ascherson and Graebner f, on the 
other hand, unite T. alpina, Smith, with T. calyculata (Linn.), Wahl., and 
recognize also 7. palustris, Huds. The relationships of these four forms 
can only be determined by comparison of European and American spe- 
cimens. Sir James Smith states that T. stenopetala is nearest T. alpina, from 
* This apparently represents T. alpina, Sm., which is larger than T. palustris, Huds. 
+ Mitteleur. Fl. iii. (1905) 5. 
