136 DR. R. R. GATES : A STUDY OF NORTH AMERICAN 
which it differs in having an inflorescence which forms a dense obtuse 
cluster, 13" long; bracts lanceolate, often exceeding the pedicels; calyx 
very broad and shallow, usually 3-cleft, petals eadiiels and acute, anthers 
pointed, ovary ovato-lanceolate, styles twice as long as in 7. alpina. It 
seems probable that further study will demonstrate the distinctness of this 
North American species, and perhaps also of the European T. alpina. 
4. TorrELDIA coccinea, Richardson, in Frankl. 1st Journ. (1823) 736; 
Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey’s Voy. (1841) 130, t. 29 bis. 
T. borealis, Cham. in Linnea, vi. (1831) 584. 
Arctic America. 
4a. TOFIELDIA COCCINEA, var. MAJOR, Hook., Fl. Bor. Am. ii. (1840) 179. 
Mackenzie River (Richardson). 
According to Hooker, this is easily distinguished (1) by its more flaccid 
leaves and leafy scape, (2) by its sessile m deeply tinged with red, 
(3) by its large bracts which form a deep involucre beneath the flower, 
(4) by the singularly deflexed dark purple fruit. It appears quite worthy 
of specific rank. The same form is recorded by Hooker from Siberia in 
Herb. Pallas. i 
Another variety, represented by two specimens collected by Richardson 
on the Mackenzie River, is mentioned by Hooker as having longer pedicels 
than the type of T. coccinea. 
5. TOFIELDIA GLABRA, Nutt. Gen. Amer. i. (1818) 235; A. Gray, in Ann. 
Lyc. N.Y. iv. (1837) 136. 
T. glaberrima, MacBride, in Ell. Sketch, i. (1821) 424. 
North Carolina and South Carolina. 
The total number of deseribed species is about 32, over half of which are 
contined to Asia. The genus bears many resemblances to Juncus, and it 
may be supposed that the ancestors of Tofieldia gave rise to the Juncaceæ. 
This seems to the writer to be more probable than to read the series in the 
opposite direction, The genus Tofieldia contains more than 15 species in 
the north temperate zone and 3 species (7. falcata, Pers., T. Moritziana, 
H. Schultze, and T. Sehomburgkiana, Oliver) in the Andes of South 
America, A number of species have been described from China and Japan 
in recent years. 
T. borealis, Wahlenb., of Lapland, Tyrol, Labrador, ete., is apparently 
inseparable from 7. palustris, Huds., unless it be in the presence or absence 
of pedicels to the flowers. T. coccinea differs from | T. borealis in having 
more flaccid leaves of a duller colour and flowers sessile. T. glabra differs 
markedly from the other, more boreal, species of Tofieldia in America. It 
