154 DR. R, R. GATES: A STUDY OF NORTH AMERICAN 
4. ANTICLEA CHLOKANTHA (Richards), Rydb. 
A, glauca, Kunth, Enum, PI. iv. (1843) 192. 
A. chlorantha, Rydb. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxx. (1903) 273. 
Zigadenus chloranthus, Richards, in Frankl. Ist Journ. (1821) 736. 
Z. glaucus, Nutt. in Journ. Phila. Acad. vii. (1834) 56; Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxiv. (1838) 
t. 67. 
Z. canadensis, Hort. ex Baker, in Journ. Linn, Soc., Bot. xvii. (1879) 482. 
Z. chloranthus, B. major, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. (1841) 402. 
Z. glaberrimus, Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. (1841) 160. 
Melanthium glaucum, Nutt. Gen. i, (1818) 232. 
New Brunswick to Minnesota and south to Vermont. 
e 
. ANTICLEA COLORADENSIS, Rydb. 
A. coloradensis, Rydb. in Bull. Torr. Bot, Club, xxx. (1903) 273. i 
Zigadenus coloradensis, Rydb, in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxvii. (1900) 534. 
Z. elegans, var. coloradensis, M. E. Jones, in Bull, Univ. Mont., Biol. Ser. xv. (1910) 22. 
Colorado. 
Specimens : Red Creek, Colo., N. L. T. Nelson, July 18, 1908 (2 sheets). 
Near Empire, Colo, /7. N. Patterson, 298, July 28, Sept. 6, 1892. 
Jarbridge, Head of Jack and Swamp Creeks, 2018, Nelson and Macbride, 
July 11, 1912. These specimens are by no means uniform, but they represent 
some at least of the supposed peculiarities of A. coloradensis. 
According to Rydberg, this species differs from A. elegans in its “smaller 
flowers, greener foliage, long and narrow bracts equalling or exceeding the 
pedicels, and a brownish or purplish tint of the inflorescence, bracts, and 
flowers.” These differences are, however, by no means sharp in all cases, 
and intermediates occur in size of flowers and colour and length of bracts. 
The leaves vary in width from 3-15 mm. The perianth-segments are said to 
be 7-8 mm. long in Z. elegans, 5-6 mm. in Z. coloradensis ; 7-13-nerved in 
the former, 3-7-nerved in the latter. 
The toxic properties of several species of Zigadenus are discussed in a 
recent Bulletin *. It was found that Anticlea elegans, Toaicoscordion venenosum 
and T. paniculatum were constantly poisonous to sheep, while A. coloradensis, 
though it contained small quantities of alkaloid, was not very toxic. This 
perhaps indicates the specific distinctness of the last species, for the properties 
of each species were found to be generally constant. But 7. venenosum from 
one locality was less toxic than when collected elsewhere. 
6. ANTICLEA VAGINATA, Rydb. in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxix. (1912) 108. 
Utah. 
Differs from other species in its habit of growing in big clumps, and in its 
numerous loose sheaths at the base of the stem. In the perianth it resembles 
* Marsh, C., Dwight,'Clawson, A. B., and Marsh, H., 1915. *Zygadenus, or Death Camas." 
Bull. No. 125, U.S. Dept. Agr. pp. 46, pls. 6, including 3 figs. of * Z. venenosus." 
