ks 
240 MR. H. W. PUGSLEY : A REVISION OF THE 
From this list it may not unreasonably be assumed that clearly native 
localities for a large proportion of the known species will someday be traced, 
although in some countries, such as Britain, where very great natural changes 
have taken. place, this may no longer be possible, the original stations for 
the endemie species being now lost and the plants compelled to maintain 
themselves entirely on ground periodically disturbed by cultivation. 
The prevalence of the Grandiflorw in the Old Red Sandstone districts of 
Great Britain, and of F. Vaillantii and F. parviflora on the Chalk was pointed 
out in “Fumaria in Britain," but it has not been found possible to determine 
the geological formations favoured by different species outside the British 
Islands. 
Tae Genus Ztvprcarxos. 
Of the plants treated by Cosson as a section Petrocapnos of Fumaria and 
by Pomel as a separate genus Rupicapnos, the earliest known is the large- 
flowered species discovered in Algeria by Desfontaines and described by 
Lamarck in 1788 as Fumaria africana. This fumitory was placed by 
De Candolle in Syst. Nat. Veg. ii. p. 132, with Fumaria spicata, L., to form 
a section Platyeapnos of Fumaria, characterized by compressed. fruits—an 
arrangement probably due to Desfontaines’ description of the silicule as 
" comprimée " rather than to any actual knowledge of the plant. 
In 1855 the section Petrocapnos was established by Cosson & Durieu in 
Bull. Soe. Bot. Franee, ii. p. 305, with four species, one of these being 
F. africana. The sectional diagnosis states that the group consists of rock- 
plants, mostly nearly stemless perennials, with long-petioled leaves exceeding 
the subcorymbose racemes of flowers, which are borne on very long pedicels, 
and with compressed, apiculate fruits. The resemblance of these plants to 
the genus Sarcocapnos, both in habit and in the flowers of one species, is duly 
noted. 
Hammar, at the time of writing his Monograph of Fumaria, seems to 
have been unaware of this publication of the section Petrocapnos, ind 
included the one species known to him, F. africana, in his section Agrarie. 
A more adequate account of these plants, though embracing only the four 
species already described, appeared in 1860 in a small pamphlet entitled 
^ Matériaux pour la Flore Atlantique,” by A. Pomel. In this work the genus 
Rupicapnos is established, and in addition to the cha racters of Petrocapnos 
noted by Cosson & Durieu, the prevalent gibbosity at the base of the lower 
petal is pointed out, as well as the curious elongation and reflexing of. the 
fruiting pedicels whereby the seeds are carried down to the elefts of the rocks 
in which the plants grow. The wholly adherent endocarp of the fruit, also, 
is contrasted with the apically separated and depressed endocarp of Fumaria, 
and it is demonstrated that while the amphitropous seed of this latter genus 
shows a bowl-shaped hollow: on the upper side, into which the depressed 
