SOME CRITICAL SPECIES OF ECHIUM. 369 
specimen is identical with Lamarck’s type, E. ereticum, Sp. Pl., is an intricate 
and inextricable mixture of the species represented in the herbarium with 
the totally different Æ. angustifolium, Mill. (non Lam.), = Æ. elegans, Lehm., 
and is therefore a nomen confusum that cannot be employed for any 
species *, So much the better, for creticum would be an objectionable title 
for australe, which is not found in Crete or in Syria, whence Linnæus says 
that he had his seeds of ereticum. 
Probably de Coiney was led astray by the occasional occurrence of 
E. australe with smaller corollas than those of the typical Æ. grandiflurum 
of Algeria ; indeed, neither Lamarck’s nor Linnzeus’s specimen has the very 
long corollas of that form, for which, if a distinctive name is demanded, 
I think it should be Æ. australe, Lam., forma macranthum (Roem. & Sch.), 
Coutinho, or, perhaps better, forma grandiflorum (Desf.). But the corollas 
are similarly cut in both ; the difference in size is not specific or varietal, 
nor associated with different geographical areas. It is parallel to the 
variation in corolla-size, often, perhaps always, sexual, that is so well known 
in Z. vulgare, I. plantagineum, and E. maritimum, and is most remarkably 
displayed in the Egyptian Æ. setosum, Vahl +. But not all cultivated 
individuals of australe have the reduced corollas. Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. 
t. 101 (April 1, 1825), describes and figures Æ. australe raised from seed 
received from Germany under that name, showing very long corollas. 
E. australe differs from Æ. Coincyanum in the much broader and differently 
shaped leaves, ovate, or oval narrowing at the base, not oblong; in their 
indumentum, which, though varying much in individuals, has not the soft 
pubescence, “duvet très fin” of de Coincy, to form a carpet beneath the 
tubercle-borne sete; and in the tobacco-like colour of the dried plant, 
whereas Coincyanum keeps greyish. The corollas are differently cut and of 
a different colour, the rich red tinge of australe being traceable even in old 
exsiecata. The filaments are conspicuously and constantly hairy; not 
pubescent, but furnished with long, slender, flexuose, scattered hairs, easily 
seen even in sicco. Sweet, loc. cit., mentions “very hairy filaments.” The 
hairs on those of Coincyanum are extremely scarce, not present in every 
flower, perhaps not even in the majority, and very difficult to observe in 
herbarium specimens. The fruiting calyces are much wider apart in 
australe, and the nucules remarkably large, as in Algerian grandiflorum, 
twice the size of those of Coinceyanum. It is unfortunately impossible to 
distinguish how much of de Coiney's elaborate description of australe is 
drawn from Bourgeau’s specimens, and how much from Lamarck’s or others 
of true australe. 
Lamarck gives very short diagnoses of his species of Kehium; of his 
no. 1860, he only says: “ Æ. australe foliis caulinis ovatis, utrinque attenu- 
* See my Echia of hb. Linn., infra. p. 396. 
T See de Coincy in Morot, Journ. Bot. xv. p. 322 (1901). 
